一种火星上升器的冷弹射装置设计与仿真研究  

Design and Simulation Study of a Cold Ejection Device for the Mars Ascent Vehicle

作　　者：荣吉利[1] 王圣龙 董洋 祁玉峰[2] 王波 邓雨昊 张世雄 RONG Jili;WANG Shenglong;DONG Yang;QI Yufeng;WANG Bo;DENG Yuhao;ZHANG Shixiong(School of Aerospace Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China;Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学宇航学院,北京100081 [2]北京空间飞行器总体设计部,北京100094

出　　处：《北京理工大学学报》2025年第4期327-333,共7页Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology

摘　　要：针对火星采样返回任务中火星上升器发射需求,设计了一种可控俯仰角冷弹射装置.该冷弹射装置具有质量轻、机构简单、可靠性高等特点,可实现弹射并控制上升器在弹射最高点的俯仰角.首先通过分析弹射装置和上升器的运动,得到了弹射所需的理论最小作动力;然后在ABAQUS中建立了弹射装置和上升器的有限元模型,验证了弹射装置的可行性.考虑到火星表面复杂环境,进行了俯仰±30°、滚转+30°加俯仰±30°共4种极限弹射工况仿真.结果表明,在所有工况下,弹射装置均能够实现上升器弹射最高点到发射平台的距离大于4 m,俯仰角度大于+15°.最后基于理论分析和仿真,表明火星大气阻力对弹射过程影响可以忽略.In response to the requirements for launch of the Mars ascent vehicle(MAV)during the Mars sample return mission,a cold ejection device with controllable pitch angle was designed.The cold ejection device has the characteristics of light weight,simple structure and high reliability.It can realize ejection and control the pitch angle of the MAV at the highest point of ejection.Firstly,by analyzing the motion of the ejection device and the MAV,the theoretical minimum force required for ejection was obtained.Then,the finite element model of the ejection device and the MAV was established in ABAQUS to verify the feasibility of the ejection device.Considering the complex environment on the surface of Mars,four extreme ejection conditions were simulated,including pitch±30°,roll+30°plus pitch±30°.The results show that under all conditions,the ejection device can achieve a distance greater than 4 meters from the highest point of the MAV ejection to the launch platform and a pitch angle greater than+15°at the highest point of the MAV ejection.Finally,based on theoretical analysis and simulation,it shows that the effect of Martian atmospheric drag on the ejection process is negligible.

关 键 词：火星上升器 冷弹射 动力学仿真 

分 类 号：O313[理学—一般力学与力学基础]