数字时代个人信息行政保护的法理基础与制度完善  

Jurisprudential Basis and System Improvement of Administrative Protection of Personal Information in Digital Age

作　　者：黄锫[1] Huang Pei(Law School,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092)

机构地区：[1]同济大学法学院,上海200092

出　　处：《宁夏社会科学》2025年第1期78-89,共12页NingXia Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“人工智能大模型包容审慎监管的法治路径”(项目编号:24BFX031);同济大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(项目编号:22120240574)。

摘　　要：数字时代个人信息行政保护的法理基础来自“个人信息的双重公共性”。个人信息所具有的准公共物品性是第一层次公共性,它提供了个人信息行政保护的必要性。个人信息在促进数字时代人们之间合作关系方面具有的社会公共性是第二层次公共性,它提供了个人信息行政保护的正当性。我国个人信息行政保护制度体系中,主要存在职责主体的碎片化和责任设定的缺失性两方面的制度缺陷。对于职责主体碎片化的问题,可以将网信部门作为个人信息保护的综合行政执法机关,集中实施分散于不同行政机关的个人信息保护职责。对于责任设定缺失性的问题,存在修改《中华人民共和国国家赔偿法》、《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》或者《最高人民法院关于审理行政赔偿案件若干问题的规定》等三种方案,其中修改《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》系最优方案。The legal basis of Administrative Protection of Personal Information Protection(APPIP)comes from"double publici-ty of personal information".The quasi-public property of personal information is its first level of publicity,which provides the necessity of administrative regulation of personal information protection.The social publicity of personal information in promot-ing social cooperation in the digital age is its second level of publicity,which provides the legitimacy of administrative regula-tion of personal information protection.In the APPIP of China,there are two main systemic defects:Fragmentation of the Re-sponsibility-bearing Entities(FRE)and the Absence of Responsibility Setting(ARS).For the problem of FRE,the Cyber-space Administration Department can be made the comprehensive administrative law enforcement agency for personal informa-tion protection,with the authority to implement the personal information protection responsibilities that are currently dispersed among different administrative agencies.For the problem of ARS,there are three solutions:amending the State Compensation Law,the Personal Information Protection Law or the Provisions of the Supreme People's Court on the Trial of Administrative Compensation Cases.Among these,amending the Personal Information Protection Law is the best solution.

关 键 词：个人信息 行政保护 法理基础 职责主体 责任设定 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]