江汉平原古云梦泽形成演化及其影响机制  

The Formation and Evolution of the Paleo-Yunmeng Lake Group in the Jianghan Plain and Its Influencing Mechanism

作　　者：顾延生 管硕 李越南 Gu Yansheng;Guan Shuo;Li Yuenan(State Key Laboratory of Geomicrobiology and Environmental Changes,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430078,China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Environment and Culture in Yangtze Regions,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430078,China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution&Eco-Restoration,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430078,China;Key Laboratory of River and Lake Regulation and Flood Control in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River of Ministry of Water Resources,Wuhan 430010,China;Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Changjiang River Water Resources Commission,Wuhan 430010,China;School of Environmental Studies,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430078,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)地质微生物与环境全国重点实验室,湖北武汉430078 [2]中国地质大学(武汉)流域环境与长江文化湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430078 [3]中国地质大学(武汉)湿地演化与生态恢复湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430078 [4]水利部长江中下游河湖治理与防洪重点实验室,湖北武汉430010 [5]长江水利委员会长江科学院,湖北武汉430010 [6]中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院,湖北武汉430078

出　　处：《地球科学》2025年第3期830-845,共16页Earth Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(Nos.41572153,U23A2023).

摘　　要：夏商以来,江汉平原发育的古云梦泽具有重要的历史、地理、文化与生态环境研究价值,但长久以来受到历史记载贫乏和钻孔调查精度的限制,古云梦泽的成因、分布、演化的时空格局尚不清晰.在前人历史文献和钻孔调查基础上,本文首次系统开展了钻孔高分辨率古环境演化研究,真实还原了4000年来古云梦泽形成演化历史,全面而深刻地揭示了古云梦泽沉积地貌过程与区域新构造运动、气候变化、河道变迁和人类活动的关系.多钻孔沉积学分析表明,古云梦泽发育时期沉积环境具有多样性,包括河床相、漫滩相、湖相和三角洲相,指示了“河流-湖泊-三角洲”复合沉积体系.沉积相自西向东分布呈现一定规律,西部以漫滩相、三角洲相为主,中部以漫滩相、三角洲、湖相为主,东部以湖相为主,古地理重建表明古云梦泽是江汉平原内部河间洼地发育的多变的湖群景观.根据历史文献与钻孔记录重建了古云梦泽形成演化的4个时期:鼎盛期(夏商时期)、淤浅期(周秦汉时期)、萎缩期(魏晋南北朝时期)和湮灭期(唐宋时期).结果表明,古云梦泽形成演化主要受到新构造运动、气候变化、洪水泛滥与河道变迁以及人类活动的叠加影响:(1)新构造沉降为古云梦泽分布创造了空间条件,长江主泓来水来沙为古云梦泽出现创造了可能,但后续长江主泓的南移对古云梦泽演化趋势影响显著;(2)ENSO(El Niño-Southern Oscillation)关联的季风异常降水与河道洪水泛滥作用推动了古云梦泽的兴盛,而荆江三角洲的推进与古云梦泽的於浅及萎缩有关;(3)唐宋以来,随着荆江统一河床的塑造、人为筑堤堵穴、围湖建垸和围湖造田加速了古云梦泽的湮灭.总之,本研究揭示了古云梦泽形成演化的时空格局及其复杂的影响机制,为存在已久的争议提供了可靠的答案,也为预测未来长江中游地区江湖关系演变和�The Paleo-Yunmeng Lake Group(PYMLG)in the Jianghan Plain has been significant of historical,geographical,cultural,and ecological environment research since the Xia and Shang Dynasties.Owing to rare historical records and limited borehole surveys,the cause and spatiotemporal pattern of the PYMLG remain ambiguous.Based on previous historical documents and borehole survey,this paper first conducted high resolution research on the boreholes sedimentary environment and reconstructed a 4000-year evolution history of PYMLG.This study systematically revealed the relationship among the PYMLG sedimentary landform process and regional neotectonic movement,climate change,river channel migration and human activities.Multiple borehole analyses revealed the diverse sedimentary environments including riverbed,floodplain,lake,and delta facies,indicating a composite sedimentary system marked by a composite sedimentary system of“river-lake-delta”.The distribution of sedimentary facies from west to east shows a certain pattern:the west is mainly floodplain and delta facies,the central part is mainly floodplain,delta and lake facies,and the east is dominated by lake facies.Paleogeographic reconstruction indicated that the PYMLG is always a landscape of changeable lake group developed in the interriver depressions in the Interior of Jianghan Plain.A 4000-year evolution history of the PYMLG experienced four stages ranging from a peak period(Xia and Shang Dynasties)to a siltation period(Zhou,Qin,and Han Dynasties),a shrinkage period(Wei,Jin,and Southern and Northern Dynasties),and a breakup period(Tang and Song Dynasties).Our results indicate that the PYMLG is jointly influenced by the superposition of neotectonic movements,climate change,river flooding and migration of the ancient Yangtze River channels,and human activities:(1)The neotectonic subsidence created space conditions for the distribution of the PYMLG,and the main water and sand of the Yangtze River created the emergence of the PYMLG,but the subsequent southward migration

关 键 词：多变的湖群 河-湖-三角洲复合沉积体系 河道变迁 ENSO关联洪水 人类活动 淤积作用 沉积学 气候变化 

分 类 号：P53[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]