二叠纪-三叠纪之交火山活动及其环境效应和生物响应  

Environmental Impacts and Biotic Responses to Volcanism during the Permian-Triassic Transition

作　　者：吴玉样 宋海军[1] 楚道亮 宋虎跃[1] 田力 Wu Yuyang;Song Haijun;Chu Daoliang;Song Huyue;Tian Li(State Key Laboratory of Geomicrobiology and Environmental Changes,School of Earth Sciences,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)地质微生物与环境全国重点实验室,地球科学学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《地球科学》2025年第3期964-982,共19页Earth Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2023YFF0804000);国家自然科学基金项目(No.42202002).

摘　　要：当今人类面临着大规模人为碳排放所导致的全球变暖,以及由此引发的一系列全球气候变化和生态危机.地质历史时期曾发生过多次大规模火山活动所导致的极热事件,并伴随着生物大灭绝,这为当前全球变暖问题提供了历史借鉴.约2.52亿年前的二叠纪-三叠纪之交,发生了显生宙以来最大规模的生物灭绝事件,这一事件被广泛认为与大规模火山活动及其引发的环境变化密切相关.本文重点围绕近年来有关二叠纪-三叠纪之交火山活动的研究进展,总结了岩浆脱气组分及其排放规模,包括二氧化碳、甲烷、二氧化硫、卤素和重金属,归纳了岩浆脱气直接引发的全球变暖、海洋酸化、火山冬天、酸雨、臭氧层破坏和重金属毒化等环境效应,评估了这些环境变化对海洋和陆地生物灭绝的具体贡献,这些讨论可加深对火山活动和生物灭绝关系的综合理解.此外,本文将二叠纪-三叠纪之交的碳排放与现代工业碳排放进行了对比,发现现代碳排放速率和升温速率可能处于过去2.52亿年以来的最高值.Humanity is facing global warming driven by large-scale anthropogenic carbon emissions,alongside a series of global climate changes and ecological crises.Throughout geological history,several hyperthermal events triggered by massive volcanic activity have occurred,often accompanied by mass extinctions.These geological events provide important analogs for modern global warming.The Permian-Triassic mass extinction(~252 Ma),the largest mass extinction event of the Phanerozoic,is widely attributed to massive volcanisms and the resulting environmental changes.This review examines recent research on volcanism during the Permian-Triassic mass extinction and summarizes the types and magnitudes of volcanic degassing,including CO_(2),SO2,halogens,and metals.We also summarize the environmental impacts of global warming,ocean acidification,volcanic winter,acid rain,ozone depletion,and metal poisoning directly triggered by volcanic degassing,and assess how these changes drove mass extinctions in both marine and terrestrial ecosystems.This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between volcanism and mass extinction.A comparison of Permian-Triassic carbon emissions with modern anthropogenic carbon emissions reveals that modern carbon emission and warming rates may be unprecedented in the past 252 million years.

关 键 词：岩浆脱气 大火成岩省 极热事件 碳排放 大灭绝 气候变化 

分 类 号：P52[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]