晚二叠世全球海洋生态系统逐步坍塌与缺氧的可能联系  

Gradual Collapse of Global Marine Ecosystem in the Late Permian and Its Link to the Anoxia

作　　者：何卫红[1,2] 吴攸攸 张克信 铃木纪毅[3] 肖异凡 杨廷禄 吴琛 黄亚飞 He Weihong;Wu Youyou;Zhang Kexin;Suzuki Noritoshi;Xiao Yifan;Yang Tinglu;Wu Chen;Huang Yafei(School of Earth Sciences,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,China;State Key Laboratory of Geomicrobiology and Environmental Changes,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430078,China;Department of Earth Science,Graduate School of Science,Tohoku University,Sendai 980-8578,Japan;School of Earth Sciences,East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,China;Wuhan Center of China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)地球科学学院,湖北武汉430074 [2]中国地质大学(武汉)地质微生物与环境全国重点实验室,湖北武汉430078 [3]Department of Earth Science,Graduate School of Science,Tohoku University,Sendai 980-8578,Japan [4]东华理工大学地球科学学院,江西南昌330013 [5]中国地质调查局武汉地质调查中心,湖北武汉430205

出　　处：《地球科学》2025年第3期983-999,共17页Earth Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(Nos.42230205,42172012,41772016);中国地质调查局项目(Nos.1212011220529,DD20221645).

摘　　要：一般认为二叠纪末生物大灭绝持续的时间为3~6万年.然而,越来越多的研究显示在生物灭绝高峰期到来之前存在着环境危机预警信号,但相关研究仍然较少.本文聚焦于大灭绝全过程,包括灭绝高峰期到来之前、灭绝高峰期以及大灭绝之后残存期生物与环境的变化,揭示海洋生态系统坍塌的过程.通过对全球30个海相剖面的化石和古环境记录综合研究,结果表明:(1)深水环境(包括远洋环境、深水陆架、深水盆地和台地边缘斜坡)生态系统衰退发生较早,浅水环境(包括浅水碳酸盐台地、礁和浅水陆架)生态系统衰退发生较晚;(2)浮游生态系统的衰退早于底栖生态系统的衰退.全球海洋生态系统衰退的这种时空差异与最小含氧带(OMZ)的形成及扩展,并导致缺氧有关.The duration for the End-Permian mass extinction has been estimated as about 30 to 60 kyr.However,an everexpanding body of papers has revealed that the evolution of Late Permian ecosystems possibly involved some yet understudied‘early warning signals’prior to the End-Permian mass extinction.The study on the pre-extinction‘warning signals’is still limited.In order to understand the process of marine ecosystem collapse specifically the‘early warning signals’pointing to the approaching of a global ecosystem regime shift(tipping point),30 marine Permian-Triassic Boundary sections from different palaeogeographic settings were selected globally to investigate the spatiotemporal biodiversity changes of different taxa and the spatiotemporal redox conditions.The results reveal that:(1)The marine ecosystem collapsed first in deep waters and then in shallow waters(first in offshore pelagic settings,then in moderately deep waters and deep-water basins and shelves and finally in shallow water environments);(2)in the same environments(in deep or moderately deep waters),a similar differential temporal pattern is also apparent in that the planktonic ecosystems were devastated earlier than benthic ecosystems.To account for the spatiotemporal and ecological(taxonomic)differences in extinction timing,we propose that the formation and expansion of an OMZ(oxygen minimum zone)and the related anoxia(or oxygen depletion),were most likely responsible for the differential temporal patterns of marine ecosystem collapses between deep and shallow waters,and between planktonic and benthic communities during the Late Permian.

关 键 词：海洋生态系统坍塌 最小含氧带 缺氧 晚二叠世 地层学 环境影响 

分 类 号：P52[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]