地球生物学视角下的富锰沉积形成过程:原理、证据与模式  

Geobiological Perspective for the Formation of Manganiferous Deposit:Principle,Evidence,and Model

作　　者：余文超[1,2] Márta Polgári 周琦 杜远生 龚银[6] 杨名宇[1,2] 魏巍 刘志臣 许灵通 甄鑫 周高 Yu Wenchao;Márta Polgári;Zhou Qi;Du Yuansheng;Gong Yin;Yang Mingyu;Wei Wei;Liu Zhichen;Xu Lingtong;Zhen Xin;Zhou Gao(School of Earth Sciences,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,China;Innovation Center of Ore Resources Exploration Technology in the Region of Bedrock,Ministry of Natural Resources,Guiyang 550081,China;Institute for Geological and Geochemical Research,Budapest 1112,Hungary;Eszterházy Károly Catholic University,Eger 3300,Hungary;Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development,Guiyang 520300,China;The 7th Geological Brigade of Hubei Geological Bureau,Yichang 443100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)地球科学学院,湖北武汉430074 [2]自然资源部基岩区矿产资源勘查工程技术创新中心,贵州贵阳550081 [3]匈牙利地质与地球化学研究所,布达佩斯1112 [4]匈牙利埃施特哈希-卡罗利天主教大学,埃格尔3300 [5]贵州省地质矿产勘查开发局,贵州贵阳520300 [6]湖北省地质局第七地质大队,湖北宜昌443100

出　　处：《地球科学》2025年第3期1142-1161,共20页Earth Science

基　　金：国家重点研发项目(No.2024YFF0808000);湖北省地质局科研项目(No.KJ2024-29);贵州省地矿局科研项目(No.黔地矿科合[2021]4号).

摘　　要：锰是地球系统中重要的过渡金属元素,其地球化学行为主要受到生物与环境的协同控制.沉积/成岩环境中,氧化还原条件与pH值对于锰的沉积-富集过程最为重要.在地质历史时期,大规模锰矿沉积的形成被认为与地球表层系统的氧化过程相关.锰矿的基础研究意义及重要经济属性则促使相关研究者尤为关注锰元素地球化学循环与锰矿成矿机制之间的联系.近年来,随着锰元素的地球生物学富集机制与循环过程相关研究的深入,研究者们逐渐认识到微生物活动在促进沉积物中锰质富集起到了关键控制作用.通过研究现代代表性沉积环境中所形成的富锰沉积物,明确了微生物作用与沉积环境效应共同控制了锰元素在沉积物中的富集过程.但是此前对于深时锰矿床中的地球生物学相关研究较为分散,对研究方法与成矿机制的综述工作尚存不足.本文通过检视世界范围内当前沉积型锰矿床中微生物成矿作用相关研究案例与研究进展,从中抽提出4个重要分析技术模块:(1)显微观察模块;(2)光谱分析模块;(3)同位素信号模块与(4)综合分析模块.以上4个技术模块的使用可有效识别出微生物成矿相关证据.当前锰矿床内微生物成矿作用相关证据包括:微生物成因显微结构与构造、广泛发育的生物成因自生矿物、具有显著生物信号的碳-硫及其他稳定同位素特征、与微生物活动有关的元素或组分富集现象及生物标志物等有机地球化学信号等.综合沉积型锰矿床在地球生物学视角下的成矿过程,可总结出微生物参与下的锰矿两阶段成矿机制,包括第1阶段的氧化富集阶段与第2阶段的还原保存阶段.锰氧化微生物有可能与铁氧化微生物及光合作用微生物共同构成了复杂的微生物席体系.Manganese(Mn)is a crucial transition metal element within the Earth system,whose geochemical behavior is predominantly influenced by the synergistic interaction of biological and environmental factors.In sedimentary and diagenetic environments,redox conditions and pH levels play a pivotal role in controlling the processes of manganese precipitation and enrichment.Over geological history,the formation of large-scale manganese deposits has been closely linked to oxidation in Earth’s surface systems.The fundamental research significance and considerable economic value of manganese deposits have driven a sustained focus on the relationship between the geochemical cycling of manganese and the mechanisms underlying ore formation.Recent advances in studies on the geobiological enrichment mechanisms and cycling processes of manganese have highlighted the critical role of microbial activity in manganese enrichment within sediments.Research on manganiferous sediments in representative modern sedimentary environments indicates that the enrichment of manganese is jointly governed by microbial processes and sedimentary environmental factors.Nevertheless,studies on the geobiological aspects of ancient manganese deposits have been fragmented,and comprehensive reviews of research methods and ore-forming mechanisms remain inadequate.This study systematically reviews current research cases and progress on microbial mineralization in sedimentary manganese deposits worldwide,identifying four key analytical technology modules:(1)microscopic observation,(2)spectroscopic analysis,(3)isotopic signal analysis,and(4)integrative analysis.These modules collectively enable the effective extraction of evidence related to microbial mineralization processes.Key evidence includes microstructures and textures of microbial origin,extensively developed biogenic authigenic minerals,stable isotopic characteristics(e.g.,carbon-sulfur isotopes)with distinct biological signals,elemental or compositional enrichment associated with microbial activity,an

关 键 词：锰矿沉积 微生物成矿 成矿机制 成矿模式 沉积学 矿床学 

分 类 号：P611.22[天文地球—矿床学]