纳米离子探针分析技术在地质微生物学和生物沉积学研究中的应用与展望  

NanoSIMS Techniques and Its Important Implications in Geomicrobiology and Biosedimentology

作　　者：仇鑫程 杨浩[1] 郑子杰 方谦 陈中强 Qiu Xincheng;Yang Hao;Zheng Zijie;Fang Qian;Chen Zhong-Qiang(State Key Laboratory of Geomicrobiology and Environmental Changes,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430078)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)地质微生物与环境全国重点实验室,湖北武汉430078

出　　处：《地球科学》2025年第3期1220-1233,共14页Earth Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(Nos.41930322,42302347,42472371).

摘　　要：纳米离子探针(NanoSIMS)技术具有高空间分辨率和高化学灵敏度的特点,是目前国际上最先进的原位微区分析手段之一.它能在纳米尺度上进行元素和同位素分布的原位分析,为揭示微生物与环境的相互作用提供了革命性技术;因此在地质微生物学和生物沉积学研究中展现出重要应用潜力甚至在某些方向的研究中不可或缺.本文在介绍NanoSIMS的工作原理基础上,综述了NanoSIMS技术在地质微生物学领域最前沿的重要应用,重点解剖其在现代微生物群落功能研究、深时碳酸盐矿物沉淀、生物地球化学循环、地球早期生命信号的识别以及地外生命探索等方面的应用实例.总之,NanoSIMS技术的发展与应用推动了地质微生物学研究迈向更高空间分辨率的微观世界,为探索地球生命起源和地外星球宜居性提供了前所未有的机遇.同时,本文论述了NanoSIMS在样品制备、信噪比、定量分析等方面的挑战,并展望了该技术优化方向,如技术升级、多技术联用和算法改进等,希望为多学科原位微区分析提供重要技术支撑,并进一步推动地质微生物学和生物沉积学及相关交叉学科的发展.NanoSIMS(nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry)technology,with its high spatial resolution and chemical sensitivity,demonstrates significant potential for implications in researches of geomicrobiology.This technology enables in-situ analysis of elemental and isotopic distributions at the nanoscale,offering a revolutionary tool for uncovering interactions between microorganisms and their environments.This article reviews the applications and advancements of NanoSIMS technology in the field of geomicrobiology.It provides a detailed overview of the principles of NanoSIMS and its applications in areas such as identifying biogenic minerals from ancient microorganisms,exploring extraterrestrial life,carbonate mineral precipitation,biogeochemical cycles,and functional studies of modern microbial communities.The development of NanoSIMS has propelled geomicrobiology towards greater precision and resolution,presenting unprecedented opportunities to study the origin of life,microbial activity in extreme environments,and global biogeochemical cycles.At the same time,this article identifies challenges related to sample preparation,signal-to-noise ratio,and quantitative analysis,while also suggesting directions for optimization,such as technological upgrades,multi-technique integration,and algorithmic improvements.In the future,the continued evolution of NanoSIMS will provide critical support for investigating early life on Earth,global elemental cycles,and extraterrestrial life,further advancing geomicrobiology and its related interdisciplinary fields.

关 键 词：地质微生物 纳米离子探针 早期生命演化 天体生物学 微生物矿化 地球化学循环 现代微生物 沉积学 

分 类 号：P579[天文地球—矿物学]