分时电价背景下电动车配送-充电/放电路径规划  

Electric vehicle routing with charging/discharging under time-of-use electricity prices

作　　者：刘长石 李君宇 易鲲翔 范黎骏 万城 LIU Chang-shi;LI Jun-yu;YI Kun-xiang;FAN Li-jun;WAN Cheng(School of Management,Hunan University of Technology and Business,Changsha 410205,China;School of Intelligent Engineering and Intelligent Manufacturing,Hunan University of Technology and Business,Changsha 410205,China;College of Information Science and Engineering,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南工商大学工商管理学院,长沙410205 [2]湖南工商大学智能工程与智能制造学院,长沙410205 [3]东北大学信息科学与工程学院,沈阳110819

出　　处：《控制与决策》2025年第3期794-802,共9页Control and Decision

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71972069);国家社会科学基金项目(23BGL011);湖南省社会科学基金项目(23JD037);湖南省研究生科研创新项目(CX20231162);湖湘高层次人才聚集工程-寇纲(2024RC4008).

摘　　要：分时电价政策与车辆到电网(V2G)技术能够平衡电网负载、增强电网削峰填谷能力,是物流业降本增利的新途径.为探讨分时电价政策与V2G技术对物流配送路径规划的影响,综合考虑客户需求、电动车行驶速度、能耗以及充/放电策略等因素,以总配送成本最小、放电利润最大为目标,建立电动车配送-充电/放电路径规划的多目标混合整数规划模型,并根据模型特性设计改进非支配排序遗传算法求解.采用多类型算例开展实验,结果表明:在较短时间内科学规划分时电价背景下的电动车配送-充电/放电路径,不但能有效降低总配送成本、提高放电利润,而且能助力电网平稳运行,为广大电能用户营造良好的用电环境,实现物流企业、电力公司与电能用户三方互利共赢.The integration of time-of-use(TOU)electricity pricing policies and vehicle-to-grid(V2G)technology offers a groundbreaking strategy for load balancing on power grids.To explore whether this strategy can optimize the logistics costs of the transport fleet and increase the profits of logistics operations,the study introduces a multi-objective mixed integer programming model that accounts for customer demand,electric vehicle(EV)travel speed,energy consumption,and charging/discharging strategies.An improved version of the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-Ⅱ(NSGA-Ⅱ)is developed to minimize the fleet’s total distribution costs while maximizing profits from EV discharging.Numerical experiments on diverse instance types reveal that the proposed methodologies adeptly optimize travel paths within constrained timeframes.Results indicate marked reductions in fleet distribution costs and increased profits from discharging,while also supporting electric utilities in maintaining efficient grid operations.Ultimately,the strategy of integrating TOU electricity pricing and V2G technology fosters an optimized electricity usage framework that benefits logistics companies,power utilities,and consumers,creating a synergistic relationship across the sectors.

关 键 词：分时电价 车辆到电网技术 充/放电策略 电动车路径问题 多目标优化 改进非支配排序遗传算法 

分 类 号：TP18[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程] U492.22[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]