突发事件研究中的夜间灯光遥感应用:案例与进展  

Nighttime Light Remote Sensing Applications in Emergency Studies:Cases and Progress

作　　者：刘泠岑 张倩 吴锋[2] LIU Lingcen;ZHANG Qian;WU Feng(College of Land Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学土地科学与技术学院,北京100193 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《遥感技术与应用》2025年第1期14-24,共11页Remote Sensing Technology and Application

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41971233)。

摘　　要：自然灾害、战争冲突等突发事件因突发性强、危害性大,已逐渐成为全球学界的研究热点,如何准确高效地评估突发事件影响及后续的恢复情况是其重要议题。夜间灯光遥感作为遥感领域的活跃分支,因其可反映地表人类活动差异,近年来已受到社会经济、自然研究等领域的广泛关注。本研究对2012~2022年间夜间灯光遥感数据应用于突发事件中的中英文研究进行梳理归纳,聚焦武装冲突、公共卫生事件、自然灾害3类研究热点,系统梳理夜间灯光数据的研究主题、方法分析及内涵解释。研究发现,夜间灯光数据主要通过人类活动变化、公共基础设施状态、地区经济发展的非预期性改变来反映突发事件的影响,已广泛应用于评估突发事件的影响范围、破坏程度及恢复进展,为政府应急管理和制定灾后恢复策略提供了可靠依据。夜间灯光遥感数据凭借其易获取、相对客观和与社会经济的紧密联系,为快速、大范围评估突发事件影响提供了强有力的支持。未来研究应继续开发更高时空分辨率的夜间灯光数据集,深化与地面监测数据、社会经济数据及其他对地观测数据等多源数据的融合,构建更完善的突发事件监测和评估体系,科学高效地支撑应急管理工作。Emergencies such as natural disasters and armed conflicts have become significant research hotspots in the global academic community due to their sudden onset and substantial impact.An important research topic is how to efficiently and accurately assess the effects of these events and monitor the subsequent recovery pro⁃cesses.Nighttime light remote sensing,a dynamic subfield within remote sensing,has gained widespread atten⁃tion in recent years across socio-economic and environmental studies because of its ability to reflect variations in human activities on the Earth’s surface.This study systematically reviews the application of nighttime light re⁃mote sensing data in Chinese and international research from 2012 to 2022,focusing on three key areas:armed conflicts,public health emergencies,and natural disasters.The analysis highlights research themes,method⁃ological approaches,and interpretative frameworks.Findings indicate that nighttime light data are used to cap⁃ture the impacts of emergencies through changes in human activities,the status of public infrastructure,and un⁃expected shifts in regional economic development.These data have been extensively applied to assess the spatial extent,severity,and recovery progress of emergencies,providing robust evidence for governments to formu⁃late emergency response and post-disaster recovery strategies.With advantages such as accessibility,relative objectivity,and strong correlations with socio-economic factors,nighttime light remote sensing supports rapid and extensive assessment of emergency impacts.Future research should aim to develop nighttime light datasets with higher spatial and temporal resolution,enhance integration with ground monitoring,socio-economic data,and other Earth observation data,and establish a more comprehensive system for emergency monitoring and as⁃sessment.This would provide more scientific and effective support for emergency management.

关 键 词：夜间灯光数据 突发事件 自然灾害 武装冲突 公共卫生事件 

分 类 号：P237[天文地球—摄影测量与遥感] TP79[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]