面向科研的公共数据利用规制:欧美实践与启示  

Regulation of Public Data Utilization for Scientific Research:European and American Practices and Implications

作　　者：夏义堃 钱锦琳 冯海红 XIA Yikun;QIAN Jinlin;FENG Haihong

机构地区：[1]南京大学数据管理创新研究中心 [2]中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院

出　　处：《图书馆论坛》2025年第4期149-160,F0003,共13页Library Tribune

基　　金：江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目“我国企业数据要素价值创造模型构建研究”(项目编号:KYCX23_0087)研究成果。

摘　　要：探索公共数据在科研中的共享利用规则,有助于减少规则设计有序性与科研灵活性、创新性之间的摩擦,更好推动公共数据服务科研创新。文章基于扎根理论,归纳散落在数据战略规划、数据利用指南等欧美国家政策文件中面向科研的公共数据利用规制,提炼其规则要点与行为边界。欧美国家高度重视科研群体的公共数据获取与利用,基于科研全流程视角,从数据利用形式、申请流程、收费规则、伦理与安全、存储与再利用等方面对面向科研的公共数据治理规则进行优先部署和优化设计。结合我国现状,由点及面提出“规则体系-政策布局-生态共建”公共数据科研利用规制的对策建议。Exploring the rules for sharing and using public data in scientific research can help reduce the friction between the order of rule design and the flexibility and innovativeness of scientific research,and promote public data to better serve scientific research and innovation.Based on grounded theory,this study reviews the public data regulations for science and research included in policies such as data strategic planning and data utilization guidelines in Europe and the United States,and summarizes the main rules and behavioral boundaries.Attaching great importance to the access and use of public data by research communities,European and American countries prioritize and optimize the rules for the sharing and utilization of public data in the field of scientific research from the perspective of the whole research process,focusing on the form of data utilization,application process,charging rules,ethics and security,storage and reuse.Taking into account the current situation in China,this paper proposes some countermeasures in terms of"rule system,policy planning,and ecological co-creation"to regulate the use of public data in scientific research.

关 键 词：公共数据 科研数据 数据共享 数据利用 

分 类 号：G311[文化科学]