腾格里沙漠东南缘不同年限固沙植被区种子雨和土壤种子库动态与植被更新潜力  

Seed supply and regeneration potential of sand-fixing vegetation with different establishment years in the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert

作　　者：曲文杰 王磊[1,5] 康文岩 杨新国 屈建军 张雪 Wenjie Qu;Lei Wang;Wenyan Kang;Xinguo Yang;Jianjun Qu;Xue Zhang(Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Resoration in Northwest China,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Faculty of Agriculture,Forestry and Ecological Environment,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Dunhuang Gobi and Desert Ecological and Environmental Research Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;Zhongwei Section,Lanzhou Bureau Group Co.,Ltd.,China Railway,Zhongwei,Ningxia 755000,China;National Observation and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystem of Yellow River in Ningxia,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室,银川750021 [2]宁夏大学农林与生态环境学部,银川750021 [3]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院敦煌戈壁荒漠生态与环境研究站,兰州730000 [4]中国铁路兰州局集团有限公司中卫工务段,宁夏中卫755000 [5]宁夏黄河湿地生态系统国家定位观测研究站,银川750021

出　　处：《生物多样性》2025年第1期1-13,共13页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：宁夏科技创新领军人才(2021GKLRLX13);国家自然科学基金(32060313)。

摘　　要：保持固沙植被系统的相对稳定性,促进其植被的自然更新与演替,当前已成为腾格里沙漠东南缘固沙植被可持续管理亟待解决的重要理论与技术问题。本研究以包兰铁路北侧不同年限固沙植被区为研究对象,对其种子雨、土壤种子库、地上植被的特征,以及三者之间的关系进行了分析。结果表明:种子雨的组成以一年生草本为主,其密度动态受物种扩散物候控制,普遍呈双峰(峰值分别出现在7月和11月)分布模式,并以30–40年固沙植被区种子雨密度为最高。土壤种子库植物组成以一年生草本植物为主,兼具瞬时和持久种子库特征,并以表层土壤和30–40年固沙植被区土壤种子库密度最高。不同年限固沙植被区普遍呈现出结构相对简单的地上植被组成特征。地上植被与种子雨、土壤种子库的物种相似性分析结果表明,50–60年固沙植被区相似性显著高于15–20年和30–40年固沙植被区,土壤种子库与地上植被的相似性高于种子雨与地上植被的相似性。从月度物种构成的相似性来看,土壤种子库的组内相似性最高,其次是地上植被。腾格里沙漠东南缘固沙植被区种子雨发生、土壤种子库组成、地上植被特征具有显著的物种和生境差异性;随固沙年限的增加,三者间联系的紧密程度随之提升,趋于形成本地土壤种子库补充地上植被循环的更新维持机制。Aims:In arid sandy areas,while the sand-fixing vegetation system is crucial to maintaining ecological security,artificial vegetation gradually often faces the risk of degradation with the increase of the growth period.Recently,it has become an urgent theoretical and technical challenge to maintain the relative stability of sand-fixing vegetation systems,as well as promote their natural regeneration and succession.To understand the ecological traits of seeds from sand-fixing vegetation areas with different establishment years,we collected vegetation samples from the north side of the Baotou-Lanzhou Railway at the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert.Our objectives are to determine the characteristics of the seed rain,soil seed bank,and aboveground vegetation,along with interrelationships among them to characterize species growth and community structures in this specific environment.The overall goal is to fully understand the mechanisms of underlying vegetation renewal,succession,and stability maintenance in the sand-fixing vegetation area on the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert,thereby providing a theoretical basis for the sustainable management of the sand-fixing vegetation system.Methods:On the northern edge of the Baotou-Lanzhou Railway,we selected three types of sand-fixing plots with different establishment years(15–20 years,30–40 years,50–60 years)for a 2-year field study.We collected seed trap and soil seed bank samples annually from these plots.The collected seeds were germinated indoors,and vegetation surveys were conducted each year.The similarity of species composition between aboveground vegetation,seed rain,and soil seed bank were analyzed using the Sørensen similarity index(SI)and non-metric multidimensional scaling(NMDS)ordination methods.Additionally,we quantitatively analyzed the relative contributions of seed source availability versus dispersal limitation to the formation of the soil seed bank.Results:Our results indicated that the seed rain composition in sand-fixing vegetation

关 键 词：腾格里沙漠 种子雨 土壤种子库 植被更新 相似性分析 

分 类 号：S154.4[农业科学—土壤学] Q948[农业科学—农业基础科学]