高黎贡山南段昆虫病原真菌物种多样性及影响因素  

Species diversity of entomopathogenic fungi and the influencing factors in the Southern Gaoligong Mountains

作　　者：陈自宏[1,2] 张翼飞 陈凯 陈见影[3] 徐玲 Zihong Chen;Yifei Zhang;Kai Chen;Jianying Chen;Ling Xu(Institute of Biological Resources of Gaoligong Mountains,Baoshan University,Baoshan,Yunnan 678000,China;Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization of Gaoligong Mountains,Baoshan,Yunnan 678000,China;School of Economics and Management,Baoshan University,Baoshan,Yunnan 678000,China)

机构地区：[1]保山学院高黎贡山研究院,云南保山678000 [2]保山市高黎贡山生物多样性保护与利用重点实验室,云南保山678000 [3]保山学院经济管理学院,云南保山678000

出　　处：《生物多样性》2025年第1期43-56,共14页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32060638,32160078);云南省中青年学术和技术带头人后备人才项目(202205AC160061);云南省教育厅高黎贡山虫生真菌资源保护与绿色发展重点实验室建设项目;怒江下游山地农业生态系统云南省野外科学观测研究站项目。

摘　　要：高黎贡山南段立体气候明显、生境复杂多样,生物多样性较高,但目前对其昆虫病原真菌资源的关注较少。为了解高黎贡山南段昆虫病原真菌的物种多样性及分布格局,本研究在该区域不同海拔生境中进行了昆虫病原真菌资源的调查。于2019–2021年在该区域沿海拔(700–3,100 m)梯度每上升100 m设置样地,采集土样和受感染昆虫标本,分离昆虫病原真菌菌株和鉴定物种;将样区分为5个海拔段(Ⅰ–Ⅴ),用α多样性分析昆虫病原真菌的物种多样性和分布特征,用β多样性分析其群落结构,通过Pearson相关性和冗余分析(redundancyanalysis,RDA)分析生境生态因子对其物种多样性的影响。结果表明,从高黎贡山南段共获得昆虫病原真菌菌株2,175株,隶属于5科20属78种,其中从土壤样品中获得24种1,331株昆虫病原真菌,从昆虫样品中获得66种844株昆虫病原真菌。中海拔段Ⅲ(中山湿性常绿阔叶林)中昆虫病原真菌物种丰富度(49种)和菌株数(766株)最高;中海拔段Ⅱ(亚热带雨林)和Ⅲ的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(分别为2.686和2.677)和Simpson多样性指数(分别为0.884和0.876)最高;高海拔段V的Simpson优势度指数(0.615)最高;低海拔段Ⅰ(干热河谷)的Pielou均匀度指数(0.790)最高。海拔对两种来源(土壤和昆虫)的昆虫病原真菌物种多样性均有显著影响;来自土壤的昆虫病原真菌受土壤温度的影响较大,而来自昆虫的昆虫病原真菌受空气湿度的影响较大;土壤pH值对该区域昆虫病原真菌多样性的影响较小。研究结果表明,高黎贡山南段的昆虫病原真菌资源丰富,广泛分布于各海拔段。Aims:The Southern Gaoligong Mountains is characterized by a distinct stereoscopic climate,complex and diverse habitats,and high biodiversity.However,relatively less attention has been paid to the entomopathogenic fungal resources.This paper aimed to investigate the entomopathogenic fungi resources in the Southern Gaoligong Mountains at different altitudes to explore the species diversity and distribution pattern of entomopathogenic fungi.Methods:In order to isolate the strains of entomopathogenic fungi and identify their species,sample plots were set up every 100 m along the altitude gradient(700–3,100 m),and soil samples as well as infected insect specimens were collected from 2019 to 2021.The experimental region was divided into 5 altitude sections(I–V).Once data was collected,we analyzed the the species diversity and distribution characteristic of entomopathogenic fungi usingα-diversity and its community structure usingβ-diversity.Pearson correlation and redundancy analysis were deployed to analyze the effects of ecological factors on the species diversity of entomopathogenic fungi.Results:A total of 2,175 strains of entomopathogenic fungi were obtained from the Southern Gaoligong Mountains,belonging to 78 species in 20 genera of 5 families.Within this sample we obtained,24 species and 1,331 strains of entomopathogenic fungi from soil samples,and 66 species and 844 strains of entomopathogenic fungi from insect samples.The species richness of entomopathogenic fungi(49 species)and strain number(766 strains)were the highest in the middle altitude section III(the wet evergreen broad-leaved forests in middle-mountain).The Shannon-Wiener diversity index(2.686 and 2.677,respectively)and Simpson diversity index(0.884 and 0.876,respectively)were similarly highest in the middle altitude section II(subtropical rainforest)and section III.The Simpson dominance index ranked highest in(0.615)the section V(high-altitude),and the Pielou evenness index(0.790)ranked highest in section I(low-altitude dry and hot valley).The

关 键 词：高黎贡山 昆虫病原真菌 海拔段 物种多样性 生态因素 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S476.1[农业科学—植物保护]