青藏高原高寒草甸土壤古菌群落对不同放牧强度的响应  

Soil archaeal community responses to different grazing intensities in the alpine meadows of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

作　　者：弋维 艾鷖[1] 吴萌 田黎明 泽让东科[1] Wei Yi;Yi Ai;Meng Wu;Liming Tian;Tserang Donko Mipam(College of Grassland Resources,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610041,China;College of Life Sciences,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China)

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学草地资源学院,成都610041 [2]四川大学生命科学学院,成都610065

出　　处：《生物多样性》2025年第1期57-66,共10页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32271628);四川省自然科学基金(2023NSFSC0201);西南民族大学“双一流”项目(CX2023007)。

摘　　要：古菌因其独特且多样化的遗传和代谢特征,在全球碳氮循环等过程中发挥着关键作用。放牧家畜啃食、排泄和践踏等行为将影响土壤古菌群落,但关于放牧对高寒草地古菌群落结构及其多样性的影响尚不明确。本研究在青藏高原的高寒草甸进行了为期两年的牦牛放牧试验,设置了对照组(禁牧)、轻度放牧(1头牦牛/ha)、中度放牧(2头牦牛/ha)和重度放牧(3头牦牛/ha)4个放牧强度,每个强度设置3个重复。结果表明,土壤古菌群落在各放牧强度之间的α多样性指数均无显著差异,但轻度放牧均增加了土壤古菌群落多样性与丰富度;随着放牧强度的增加,泉古菌门呈现出先减少后增加的趋势,广古菌门和小古菌门相对丰度在轻度放牧中最高,对照组最低。与对照组相比,放牧降低了土壤容重、增加了土壤含水率;重度放牧使土壤全磷降低、有效磷增加;泉古菌门与全磷和全钾呈显著负相关(P<0.05),广古菌门与全磷呈显著正相关(P<0.05)而与全钾呈显著负相关(P<0.05),小古菌门与全磷呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。综上所述,轻度放牧有增加土壤古菌群落丰富度和多样性的趋势,不同土壤古菌群落组成受土壤碳氮影响较大,表明放牧可能通过改变土壤养分进而影响古菌群落结构。研究结果为正确评估放牧对高寒草地生态系统的影响提供了科学基础。Aims:Archaea play a crucial role in global carbon and nitrogen cycling due to their unique genetic and metabolic characteristics.However,livestock activities,such as grazing,excretion,and trampling significantly affect soil archaeal communities.The mechanisms underlying the effects of grazing on archaeal community structure and diversity in alpine grasslands remain unclear.Therefore,we investigated how different grazing intensities in alpine meadows influence the structure and diversity of soil archaeal community.Methods:This study was conducted over a two-year period in the alpine meadows of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau to understand the effects of yak grazing under different intensities on archaeal communities.Four grazing intensities were studied:Control(no grazing),light grazing(1 yak per ha),moderate grazing(2 yaks per ha),and heavy grazing(3 yaks per ha).Each grazing intensity had three technical replicates.Results:Our results indicated that there were no significant differences inα-diversity with soil archaeal communities among various grazing intensities.However,light grazing increased the diversity and richness of soil archaeal communities.With increased grazing intensity,the relative abundances of Crenarchaeota initially decreased and then increased.Interestingly,Euryarchaeota and Parvarchaeota showed the highest relative abundances under light grazing and the lowest in the control group.Additionally,grazing reduced soil bulk density and increased soil moisture content compared to the control.However,heavy grazing decreased total soil phosphorus,but increased total available phosphorus.We also observed significant negative correlations(P<0.05)between Crenarchaeota with total phosphorus and potassium.Euryarchaeota also showed significant positive correlations(P<0.05)with total phosphorus and negative correlations with total potassium.While Parvarchaeota showed significant positive correlations(P<0.05)with total phosphorus.Conclusion:In this study,we found that light animal livestock grazing increased the

关 键 词：高寒草甸 牦牛 放牧强度 土壤古菌群落 青藏高原 中国 

分 类 号：S812.2[农业科学—草业科学]