城市景观格局对大蚰蜒种群遗传结构的影响  

Impact of urban landscape pattern on the genetic structure of Thereuopoda clunifera population in Nanjing,China

作　　者：王嘉陈 徐汤俊 许唯 张高季 尤艺瑾 阮宏华[2] 刘宏毅[1,2] Jiachen Wang;Tangjun Xu;Wei Xu;Gaoji Zhang;Yijin You;Honghua Ruan;Hongyi Liu(College of Life Sciences,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;College of Ecology and Environment,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学生命科学学院,南京210037 [2]南京林业大学生态与环境学院,南京210037

出　　处：《生物多样性》2025年第1期81-92,共12页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32071594)。

摘　　要：城市化改变了原有的自然景观格局,导致生物多样性丧失。土壤动物在食物链中扮演着关键角色,对维持生态系统稳定起着重要作用。研究城市景观格局变化对土壤动物遗传多样性和种群结构的影响,可以为维持城市生态系统稳定及其生物多样性保护提供理论依据。本研究采集了南京地区7个种群共133个大蚰蜒(Thereuopoda clunifera)样品,以线粒体Cytb基因和6个微卫星位点为分子标记,分析了大蚰蜒的种群遗传结构及其影响因素。结果显示:7个种群中共检测出6个Cytb单倍型和14个突变位点,各种群核苷酸多样性指数均低于0.005,遗传多样性处在较低水平。而微卫星标记反映各种群的平均等位基因数在4.167–5.167之间,观测杂合度在0.470–0.603之间,各种群微卫星多样性较高。栖息地面积和周边城市化程度与种群遗传多样性间不存在相关性。种群间两两遗传分化系数介于0.020–0.106,基因流介于2.108–12.266,表明种群间遗传分化水平较低,存在较为频繁的基因交流。遗传分化水平与预测的地理阻力呈显著正相关,大蚰蜒的种群遗传结构可能受到城市化的影响。斑块间良好的连通性保证了种群间的基因流,散布的城市绿地可作为廊道,为大蚰蜒提供扩散机会。本研究结果可为城市土壤动物多样性的保护提供理论依据。Aims:Urbanization,the rapid expansion of urban areas and the transformation of natural landscapes into manmade environments,has significantly altered the habitat of many organisms.This process has not only reshaped landscapes but also impacted ecological balance.Soil fauna are integral components of the food chain and play a crucial role in nutrient cycling,soil formation,and overall ecosystem health.Investigating the impact of urban landscape patterns on the genetic diversity and population structure of soil fauna can lead to new knowledge that can be used to protect the biodiversity within urban ecosystems.Methods:A total of 133 samples of Thereuopoda clunifera from seven populations in Nanjing,China were collected for this study.The mitochondrial Cytb gene and six microsatellite loci were used as molecular markers to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic structure of T.clunifera.To investigate the impact of urban landscape patterns on soil fauna genetic diversity and genetic structure,correlation analysis was used to understand the association between genetic diversity and habitat or urbanization levels.We then evaluated potential corridors that could enable gene flow between local T.clunifera populations by calculating the Euclidean distance,least-cost path,and effective resistance between these populations.Finally,we explored the effect of geographical and resistance distance on genetic differentiation among local populations using the Mantel test for each local population based on their genetic distance.Results:We identified six haplotypes and 14 mutation sites,from the Cytb dataset.Nucleotide diversity indices were below 0.005 for all populations,signifying low genetic diversity.The microsatellite markers revealed an average number of alleles ranging from 4.167 to 5.167 and observed heterozygosity from 0.470 to 0.603,indicating high microsatellite diversity across populations.No correlation was found between habitat area,degree of urbanization near the habitat,and population genetic diversity.The fixat

关 键 词：土壤动物 大蚰蜒 遗传多样性 遗传结构 景观连通性 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]