《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》视角下将性别考虑纳入中国生物多样性治理  

Mainstreaming gender in China’s biodiversity actions under Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework

作　　者：刘蕾 郝志明 杜乐山[2] 刘海鸥 Lei Liu;Zhiming Hao;Leshan Du;Haiou Liu(Foreign Environmental Cooperation Center,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100035,China;Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;Academy of Forestry Inventory and Planning,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100714,China)

机构地区：[1]生态环境部对外合作与交流中心,北京100035 [2]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012 [3]国家林业和草原局林草调查规划院,北京100714

出　　处：《生物多样性》2025年第1期146-154,共9页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：全球环境基金改善中国自然保护区可持续性项目(项目编号9461)。

摘　　要：女性在生物多样性治理中具有至关重要的作用。她们在家庭和社区中积累的丰富的传统知识和实践,为生物多样性保护和可持续利用提供了重要支持。然而,由于她们在决策权和资源获取方面经常处于劣势,可能导致她们的需求和贡献被忽视,进而影响生物多样性治理的有效性和可持续性。近年来,国际社会对生物多样性治理中推进性别主流化的要求不断增加。《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》(以下简称“昆蒙框架”)行动目标23提出“确保性别平等,确保妇女和女童有平等的机会和能力采用促进性别平等的方法为《生物多样性公约》(以下简称《公约》)的三个目标作贡献”。《公约》第15次缔约方大会(COP15)第二阶段会议还通过了《性别平等行动计划》,敦促缔约方支持和推进性别平等主流化,以性别平等的方式执行“昆蒙框架”,全球生物多样性治理中对性别问题的关注提升到了前所未有的新高度。中国是世界人口大国,是世界上生物多样性最丰富的国家之一。中国在参与全球生物多样性治理、履行《公约》进程中推进性别主流化,对实现全球可持续发展具有重要意义。本文分析了《公约》框架下性别议题进展和近年来各国国家生物多样性战略和行动计划(NBSAP)中的性别考虑,结合我国首次将性别考虑纳入NBSAP的最新进展,提出加强生物多样性性别主流化研究,推动生物多样性政策制定的性别主流化,促进国际合作项目管理的性别主流化等建议,以期为我国履行《公约》和参与全球生物多样性治理提供参考。Background&Aim:Gender plays a critical role in biodiversity governance,with women contributing essential traditional knowledge and practices for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use.However,women often face disadvantages in decision-making and resource access,which result in the neglect of their needs and contributions.This,in turn,impacts the effectiveness and sustainability of biodiversity governance.The international community has increasingly recognized the importance of mainstreaming gender in biodiversity governance.The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework(KMGBF)emphasizes this by establishing Target 23,which aims to ensure gender equality and empower women and girls to contribute equally to the three objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD).The recent adoption of the Gender Plan of Action(2023–2030)at the 15th meeting of the Conference(COP15)of the Parties to CBD further highlights the growing global focus on gender issues in biodiversity governance.As one of the most populous and biodiverse countries,China’s integration of gender considerations into its biodiversity governance is crucial for achieving global sustainable development goals.Review Results:This paper explores the integration of gender considerations within the CBD and its impact on global biodiversity governance.Initially,gender issues were peripheral in the CBD,however,they have progressively gained prominence,leading to significant milestones such as the adoption of gender action plans and the inclusion of gender as a key target in the KMGBF.The analysis reveals varied approaches to incorporating gender considerations in National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans(NBSAP)across different countries.Women are increasingly recognized not only as vulnerable groups but also as essential stakeholders and agents of change in biodiversity governance.Best practices identified include the use of gender-sensitive indicators and ensuring women’s active participation in biodiversity initiatives.In China,rec

关 键 词：生物多样性 生物多样性公约 性别平等 性别主流化 

分 类 号：Q16[生物学—普通生物学]