同案必须同判吗?——同案同判新论  

Must Similar Cases Be Decided Similarily? A New Introduction to “Treating Like Cases Alike”

作　　者：孙海波 Sun Haibo

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学比较法学研究院

出　　处：《法制与社会发展》2025年第2期62-79,共18页Law and Social Development

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项项目(24CXTD07);国家社会科学基金重大项目“应对新一轮科技革命的法治体系完善与基本法理研究”(24&ZD134);中国政法大学钱端升杰出学者支持计划资助项目的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：平等对待的形式正义原则要求同案应当同判,但由于法律实践的复杂性,同案同判并非在任何场合都是值得追求的。因此,必须认识到同案同判的限度。在某些特定情形下,正义恰恰要求法官背离以往案件的判决。同案同判具有性质、方法和时空的限度,三者具有内在关联。道德义务论极大展现了同案同判的限度;相反,法律义务论仅在极其有限的范围内允许法官可正当地背离先在判决。从方法论上看,初现案件、裁判的正确性主张、法律的不确定性以及价值之间的不可通约性,均会使得先在案件中的判决理由无法直接决定或拘束后案的判决,同案同判的效力链条就此中断。依循时空维度,先在判决除了会犯错,也可能已过时,从而无法为后案提供正当的约束力。此外,地域空间差异也会导致前案判决并不总是能够有效拘束后案,法治统一原则能够有效破除同案同判与差异化判决之间的紧张关系。The principle of equal treatment requires that like cases be treated alike,but the complexity of legal practice means that it is not always worth pursuing the principle of“Treating Like Cases Alike”.It must be recognized that there are limitations to the principle,and in certain specific circumstances,justice requires judges to deviate from the previous cases.“Treating Like Cases Alike”has limits in nature,method,time and space,and they are closely related.Taking the principle of“Treating Like Cases Alike”as a moral requirement greatly demonstrates its limitations.On the contrary,the legal deontological position only allows judges to legitimately deviate from previous cases within a very limited scope.From a methodological point of view,the case of first impression,the correctness of the judgment,the uncertainty of the law and the incommensurability of values will all make it impossible for the reasons in the previous case to directly determine or constrain the judgment of the subsequent case,and the chain of effectiveness of“Treating Like Cases Alike”is interrupted.Following the dimension of time and space,in addition to making mistakes,judgments may also become outdated,thus cutting off the binding force of the previous case on the subsequent case.The regional and spatial differences lead to the fact that the previous case is not always able to effectively constrain the subsequent case.Under the principle of adhering to the unity of the rule of law,the tension between“Treating Like Cases Alike”and differentiated judgments can be effectively broken.

关 键 词：同案同判 比较正义 个案正义 内在限度 差异化判决 

分 类 号：D926[政治法律—法学]