宪法上的安全权及其体系  

The Right to Safety and Its System in the Constitution

作　　者：陈斯彬 Chen Sibin

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学法学院

出　　处：《法制与社会发展》2025年第2期80-98,共19页Law and Social Development

摘　　要：实践主义的人权观切实关注人的肉体存在以及安全需求,在理论层面给予安全权应有的重视,有效弥合了安全权理论与立宪实践之间的落差。基本权利的古典模式通过自由权的客观面向功能来表达国家保护义务,进而使自由权取代安全权。这本质上是一种以价值替代规范的逻辑。尽管在不少国家的宪法中,安全权并未被明文规定,但从规范要素的视角来看,安全权与自由权存在于同一宪法条文之中,形成“一体两权”的格局。例如,住宅权既涵盖了住宅自由权,也包含住宅安全权。为了证明安全权的存在,实现对《宪法》条文中具体表述的细致剖析,进而精准把握《宪法》中的安全权体系,我们不仅要借助宪法哲学的视角,还需依托宪法解释学的论证。安全权体系是理解《宪法》的重要进路。The practicalist view of human rights earnestly concerns the physical existence of human beings and their needs of security.It attaches due importance to the right to safety at the theoretical level,effectively bridging the gap between the theory of the right to safety and the constitutional practice.In the classical model of fundamental rights,the state's protection obligation is expressed through the objective function of the right to freedom,thereby replacing the right to safety.Essentially,this is a logic of substituting norms with values.Although the right to safety is not explicitly stipulated in the constitutions of many countries,from the perspective of normative elements,the right to safety and the right to freedom coexist within the same constitutional provision,forming a pattern of“one entity with two rights”.For example,the right to housing encompasses both the right to housing freedom and the right to housing safety.To prove the existence of the right to safety,conduct a detailed analysis of the specific expressions in the Constitution,and thus accurately grasp the system of the right to safety in the Constitution,we need to draw on not only the perspective of constitutional philosophy but also the argumentation of constitutional hermeneutics.The system of the right to safety is an important approach to understanding the Constitution.

关 键 词：基本权利保护义务 安全权 基本权利客观面向 人的尊严 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]