集体主义数据治理的权利困境与法治出路——兼与邵六益教授商榷  

The Dilemma of Rights and Way Out for the Rule of Law in Collectivist Data Governance:A Discussion with Shao Liuyi

作　　者：朱孔武 Zhu Kongwu

机构地区：[1]广东财经大学法学院

出　　处：《法制与社会发展》2025年第2期115-133,共19页Law and Social Development

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“全过程人民民主的法治保障体系建设研究”(22JZD0017)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“数据人民性”理论作为全球范围内集体主义数据治理学术探索的重要组成部分,源于对资本主义、新自由主义及基于个人权利的数据治理模式的深刻批判。该理论通过解构传统的财产权和基本权利框架,尝试通过集体主义路径重新配置数据的权属关系,旨在实现数据资源的公平分配与社会福祉。然而,这一理论模式在数据确权问题上存在显著局限,其将数据权等同于财产权的延伸,未能充分认识到个人信息保护作为独立公法权利的特性,并且忽视了个体在数据价值链中的独特地位与作用,倾向于将个体数据不加区分地纳入集体数据管理范畴。这种治理模式不仅未能有效应对集体行动困境,反而可能削弱数据治理的整体效能,抑制数字技术的创新活力,并对现有法治框架的稳定性与适应性构成潜在威胁。因此,数据治理的法理框架应秉持谦抑性、开放性与回应性原则,在技术与法律的协同发展中寻求平衡,既促进技术创新与经济发展,又确保个体数据权利的充分实现。The“People-Oriented Data”theory,as an important component of academic exploration of global collectivist data governance,stems from a profound critique of the data governance models of capitalism,neoliberalism,and individual rights.This theory deconstructs the traditional frameworks of property rights and fundamental rights,attempting to reconfigure data ownership relations through a collectivist approach,with the aim of achieving fair distribution of data resources and promoting social welfare.However,this theoretical model has significant limitations in the issue of data ownership.It mistakenly views data rights as a simple extension of property rights and overlooks the distinct nature of personal information protection as an independent right in public law.It also fails to adequately consider the unique role of individuals in the data value chain and instead places individual data within the scope of collective data management.This not only fails to effectively address the dilemma of collective action,but also weakens the efficacy of data governance,stifles digital technological innovation,and negatively impacts the stability and adaptability of the existing legal framework.Therefore,the legal framework for data governance should adhere to the principles of restraint,openness,and responsiveness,seeking a balance in the co-evolution of technology and law.This balance should both promote technological innovation and economic development while ensuring the full realization of individual data rights.

关 键 词：数据权利 数据人民性 数据权属 个人信息保护 

分 类 号：D90[政治法律—法学理论] D922.16[政治法律—法学]