“虚假印证”的正本清源——基于“认知责任”的视角  

Overhauling “False Corroboration” Thoroughly: A Perspective of “Epistemic Responsibility”

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作  者:薛爱昌 Xue Aichang

机构地区:[1]西安交通大学法学院

出  处:《法制与社会发展》2025年第2期185-204,共20页Law and Social Development

基  金:西安交通大学基本科研业务费(人文社科类)项目“印证与融贯:比较视野下的刑事证明方法研究”(SK2020013)的最终成果。

摘  要:根据“以事实认定者为中心”的内在主义进路,“印证”是认知建构的产物,具有认知和道德的双重维度。广义的“印证”概念包括内部印证和外部印证,并与“认知责任”具有内在联系。从“认知责任”的角度来看,“虚假印证”的本质是事实认定者没有履行“认知责任”,从而产生了“印证偏见”,最终导致“印证”无法实现检验“真实”的功能,而与我国的“印证”规则及“印证”方法无关。为有效防范“虚假印证”,应当继续改革我国的刑事司法体制,保障事实认定者履行其“认知责任”,避免“印证偏见”的发生。同时,为防止冤假错案,在实践中需要继续坚守“印证”方法,只不过应更加注重其背景条件之满足。According to internalist approach“centered on the fact-finder”,“corroboration”is a product of cognitive construction,possessing both cognitive and moral dimensions.This is a broad concept of“corroboration”that includes both“internal corroboration”and“external corroboration”,and is intrinsically linked to“epistemic responsibility”.From the perspective of“epistemic responsibility”,the essence of“false corroboration”lies in the fact-finder's failure to fulfill his“epistemic responsibility”,thereby giving rise to“corroboration bias”,which ultimately prevents“corroboration”from fulfilling its function of testing“truth”.This issue is unrelated to the rules of“corroboration”and the method of“corroboration”.To effectively guard against“false corroboration”,we should be to continue improving criminal justice system,ensuring that fact-finders fulfill their“epistemic responsibility”to avoid the occurrence of“corroboration bias”.At the same time,to prevent wrongful convictions,it is essential to steadfastly adhere to the method of“corroboration”in practice,while placing greater emphasis on meeting its background conditions.

关 键 词:印证 内在视角 印证偏见 认知责任 虚假印证 

分 类 号:D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]

 

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