水下微纳型核能系统调研及最新进展  

Research and Latest Progress of Underwater Micro-nano Nuclear Energy Systems

作　　者：任禹铄 李泽光[1] 王慧富 杨俊 林恒隆 苏子麟 REN Yushuo;LI Zeguang;WANG Huifu;YANG Jun;LIN Henglong;SU Zilin(Department of Engineering Physics,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学工程物理系,北京100084

出　　处：《数字海洋与水下攻防》2025年第1期2-9,共8页Digital Ocean & Underwater Warfare

基　　金：科技部重点研发计划(2021YFC2802700)。

摘　　要：随着深海、深空与极地等特殊应用领域的战略重要性不断提升,长期稳定的能源供应成为关键挑战。水下微纳型核能系统因其高能量密度、长寿命和不受环境影响等特点,在这些领域展现出巨大的应用潜力。对美国、前苏联/俄罗斯和中国在水下微纳型核能系统方面的研究现状进行了调研,并分析了其面临的关键技术挑战,包括核燃料研发、新型材料研发、先进加工技术和先进仪控系统。此外,还介绍了基于反应堆蒙卡软件RMC与开源CFD软件OpenFOAM发展的微纳型热管反应堆核能系统先进耦合分析技术,并基于典型热管反应堆KRUSTY开展了验证工作,证明了耦合方法的有效性和可靠性。未来水下微纳型核能系统的研究和发展将为深海探测、资源开发和国防安全等领域提供重要的技术支撑。With the continuous enhancement of the strategic significance of special application fields such as deep sea,deep space,and polar regions,a long-term and stable energy supply has emerged as a crucial challenge.Underwater micro-nano nuclear energy systems,characterized by their high energy density,long service life,and immunity to environmental influences,have demonstrated immense application potential in these domains.A survey is conducted on the research status of underwater micro-nano nuclear energy systems in the United States,the former Soviet Union/Russia,and China,and the key technical challenges they confront are analyzed,encompassing nuclear fuel research and development,new material R&D,advanced processing technologies,and advanced instrumentation and control systems.Furthermore,the advanced coupling analysis technology of micro-nano heat pipe reactor nuclear energy systems developed based on the reactor Monte Carlo software RMC and the open-source CFD software OpenFOAM is introduced,and verification work is carried out based on the typical heat pipe reactor KRUSTY,validating the effectiveness and reliability of the coupling method.The future research and development of underwater micro-nano nuclear energy systems will provide significant technical support for domains such as deep sea exploration,resource exploitation,and national defense security.

关 键 词：水下能源动力 微纳型核能系统 热管反应堆 

分 类 号：TL413[核科学技术—核技术及应用]