160 kV超导直流限流器的液氮冷却系统优化设计  

Optimization design on liquid nitrogen cooling system for 160 kV superconducting DC fault current limiter

作　　者：吴亮 王颖菡 沈惬 潘昱炽 孙大明 Wu Liang;Wang Yinghan;Shen Qie;Pan Yuchi;Sun Daming(Shantou Power Supply Bureau of Guangdong Power Grid Co.,Ltd,Shantou 515041,China;Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China;Chillmaking Cryogenic Joint Research Center,Huanjiang Laboratory,Zhuji 311800,China;Faculty of Engineering,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,China)

机构地区：[1]广东电网有限责任公司汕头供电局,汕头515041 [2]广东工业大学,广州510006 [3]浣江实验室-紫明低温联合研发中心,诸暨311800 [4]浙江大学工学部,杭州310027

出　　处：《低温与超导》2025年第2期66-71,78,共7页Cryogenics and Superconductivity

基　　金：中国南方电网有限责任公司科技项目(GDKJXM20220762);浙江省自然科学基金(LY21E060008);中国博士后科学基金(2024T170767)资助。

摘　　要：超导直流限流器是维持柔性直流输电系统稳定运行的关键部件,其超导状态的维持需要低温系统支撑。本文对一台160 kV/1 kA超导直流限流器的低温制冷系统进行了优化设计。系统采用了三台大冷量斯特林制冷机,在77 K温度下每台能够提供1000 W制冷功率,系统运行时两台用于正常运行,一台备用,以确保系统的可靠性和稳定性。通过设计新型液氮制冷箱,实现了在不停机情况下的蓄液、自增压和回液功能,有效减少了液氮消耗。同时利用一台15 m^(3)液氮储罐作为气相缓冲设备,与制冷箱相互配合,大大抑制了限流器内的压力波动。研究表明,优化设计显著提升了系统的稳定性与可靠性,能够确保超导限流器的长期稳定运行。Superconducting fault current limiter is a key component for maintaining stable operation of flexible DC transmis-sion systems.The superconducting state is sustained by the cryogenic system.The cryogenic cooling system for the 160 kV/1 kA superconducting DC fault current limiter was designed and optimized.In the system,three high capacity Stirling cryocoolers were applied.Each of them is capable of 1000 W cooling power at 77 K.Two cryocoolers were for daily operation and one was as a backup to ensure the reliability and stability of the system.Meanwhile,a new type of liquid nitrogen cold box was designed,in-tegrating functions of liquid storage,self-pressurization,and liquid backflow without terminating liquefaction.This effectively re-duced liquid nitrogen consumption.Additionally,a 15 m'liquid nitrogen storage tank was participated as a gas-phase buffer,which cooperated with the refrigeration box to effectively suppress pressure fluctuations in the superconducting fault current limiter tank.The results show that the optimized design can significantly improve the stability and reliability of the system,supporting the long-term stable operation of superconducting current limiters.

关 键 词：超导直流限流器 液氮冷却系统 斯特林制冷机 压力平抑 低温系统 

分 类 号：TB657.8[一般工业技术—制冷工程]