基于拓扑优化的换热器冷却通道湍流流动研究  

Turbulent flow in heat exchanger cooling channels based on topology optimization

作　　者：王昊东 彭伊丽 唐腾飞 Wang Haodong;Peng Yili;Tang Tengfei(Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Equipment Intensification and Intrinsic Safety,Wuhan Institute of Technology,Wuhan 430205,China;School of Mechanical&Electrical Engineering,Wuhan Institute of Technology,Wuhan 430205,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉工程大学,化工装备强化与本质安全湖北省重点实验室,武汉430205 [2]武汉工程大学,机电工程学院,武汉430205

出　　处：《低温与超导》2025年第2期96-103,共8页Cryogenics and Superconductivity

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52205536);化工装备强化与本质安全湖北省重点实验室开放研究基金(2020KA02);武汉工程大学校内科学基金研究项目(K2021014)资助。

摘　　要：在新能源电池、芯片散热等高热流密度传热领域,高效散热与高均温结构设计是研究热点。现有基于层流模型的拓扑优化方法在高压差、高流速条件下适用性受限。通过向k-ε湍流输运方程等引入惩罚项,结合变密度技术构建创新优化框架,以平均温度最低和温差最小为约束建立单目标函数,实现多目标协同优化。展示了100 Pa、1000 Pa、8000 Pa和10000 Pa四种压差下优化结构的流动传热特性:低压差时流道呈"几"字型分布,高压差下衍生多级支流结构。优化结果显示,高压工况下,设计域平均温度较入口温度仅升高1.43 K,温差均方根为2.02 K,拓扑优化结构的综合散热性能提升超60%,证实了该方法在高压差、高流速条件下的显著优势。In the field of high heat flux density heat transfer,such as new energy batteries and chip cooling,efficient heat dissipation and high uniform temperature structure design are research hotspots.The applicability of existing topology optimization methods based on the laminar flow model was limited under high pressure difference and high flow velocity conditions.By intro-ducing penalty terms into the k-8 turbulent transport equations and combining them with the variable density technique,an inno-vative optimization framework was constructed.With the constraints of the lowest average temperature and the smallest tempera-ture difference,a single-objective function was established to achieve multi-objective collaborative optimization.The flow and heat transfer characteristics of the optimized structures were displayed under four pressure differences:100 Pa,1000 Pa,8000 Pa,and 10000 Pa.Under low pressure difference,the flow channel presents a"few-character"-shaped distribution,and un-der high pressure difference,a multi-level branch structure is derived.The optimization results show that under high-pressure conditions,the average temperature of the design domain is only 1.43 K higher than the inlet temperature,and the root-mean-square temperature dfference is 2.02 K.The comprehensive heat dissipation performance of the topology-optimized structure is improved by more than 60%,confirming the significant advantages of this method under high pressure difference and high flow velocity conditions.

关 键 词：换热器 流动拓扑优化 k-ε 湍流模型 计算流体力学 

分 类 号：TH122[机械工程—机械设计及理论]