生态环境法典的系统治理原则及其体系展开  

Systematic Governance Principle and Its Embodiment in the Code of Ecology and Environment

作　　者：吴凯杰 WU Kai-jie

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《当代法学》2025年第2期32-43,共12页Contemporary Law Review

基　　金：研究阐释党的二十届三中全会精神国家社科基金重大专项“生态环境法典化的中国实践和理论创新研究”(24ZDA095)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：贯彻生态文明理念需要环境法确立系统治理理念,但现行《环境保护法》第5条规定的综合治理原则因地位与内涵争议而难以担此重任,需要在生态环境法典总则编中确立具有“将生态系统的整体利益纳入考量”内涵的系统治理原则。面对按环境资源要素分立的环境法体系,系统治理原则要求在宏观层面上协调污染防治、自然资源保护等要素立法之间的治理目标与手段,并且在微观层面上拓展规划、环评等各项环境法制度对生态系统整体利益的跨要素保护。生态环境法典编纂应在明文规定系统治理原则的基础上,重点提升总则编基本制度条款的综合性,以及分则各编具体制度条款的协调性,并且在自然生态保护编中完善针对特定生态区域的系统保护规范。The concept of ecological civilization enshrined in the Constitution in 2018 has triggered changes in the internal values of environmental law.Among them,the concept of systematic governance that“mountains,waters,forests,fields,lakes,grasslands,and deserts are a community of life”is par⁃ticularly remarkable.Implementing the concept of ecological civilization requires environmental law to in⁃corporate the concept of systematic governance.Currently,the comprehensive governance principle stipu⁃lated in Article 5 of the Environmental Protection Law has failed to undertake this task due to disputes o⁃ver its status and interpretation.Therefore,it is necessary to establish a systematic governance principle with the connotation of“taking the integral interests of the ecosystem into consideration”through the on⁃going codification of environmental laws.The systematic governance principle requires that the design and application of environmental law should not only consider the impact of specific behaviors on specific en⁃vironmental elements,but also comprehensively consider the overall impact of various behaviors on the relevant ecosystems.The systematic governance principle is not in conflict with an environmental law sys⁃tem constructed according to environmental elements,but it requires that legal rules for different environ⁃mental elements be coordinated and connected with each other.Under this principle,environmental law should,at the macro level,coordinate the governance objectives and means of various element-based laws according to the integrity of the ecosystem,so as to comprehensively regulate various behaviors that affect different environmental elements.Moreover,the systematic governance principle also requires ex⁃panding the cross-element protection function of basic regulatory instruments such as planning,environ⁃mental impact assessment,and licensing at the micro level.In face of government departments with dis⁃tinctive objectives and interests,it is necessary to achieve the mu

关 键 词：生态环境法典 系统治理 基本原则 生态区域 生态系统 

分 类 号：D922.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]