企业数据出资的法理逻辑与制度设计  

Jurisprudential Logic and Institutional Design of Enterprise Data as a Form of Company Capital Contribution

作　　者：刘颖 LIU Ying

机构地区：[1]同济大学法学院

出　　处：《当代法学》2025年第2期44-56,共13页Contemporary Law Review

基　　金：2024年度国家社科基金一般项目“数字时代中算法消费者的公私协同保护体系研究”(24BFX076)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：企业数据作为新型生产要素出资入股,是公司法回应数字时代的重要举措之一。企业数据出资符合非货币财产出资的基本要素,有利于提升公司的信用和增进公司整体价值,符合企业大数据数尽其用原则,顺应数字时代公司法的发展趋势。企业数据出资的基本逻辑在于,企业数据应依据不同类型和范围的差异化出资,注重企业数据出资中自治与强制的利益平衡以及承担数据安全保护的法定义务。基于企业数据具有与传统生产要素不同的价值易变性、可复制、非排他性等特点,企业数据出资规则应当在出资比例、出资人竞业限制和为公司经营所必须等方面作出特殊限制。企业数据出资的风险防范需将公司法路径作为一般防范机制,以及将合同法路径作为特殊防范机制,多维度保障其他股东、公司和债权人利益。In the digital age,data has emerged as a new type of production factor,driving signifi⁃cant changes in business models and economic structures.One important mechanism for data financing is the use of enterprise data as a form of company capital contribution.This practice not only expands the methods through which companies can raise funds but also enhances the usability of data in financing transactions,contributes to the standardized development of platform-based enterprises,and promotes the healthy growth of the digital economy.Data possesses certain property attributes,making it suitable for use as a non-monetary capital contribution in corporate financing.The current company law framework provides the possibility for the inclusion of enterprise data as a form of non-monetary capital contribution.Enterprise data holds commercial value,can be quantified in monetary terms,and is transferable,meet⁃ing the fundamental criteria required for a company's capital contribution.From a legal and financial per⁃spective,using data as a form of capital can strengthen a company's credit,contribute to asset formation,and increase the overall value of the company.This approach ensures that the interests of creditors are not harmed,making data-based capital contributions a sound and reliable option for corporate financing.Furthermore,enterprise data as a capital contribution aligns with the principle of maximizing the utility of big data in the digital economy.It is consistent with the ongoing evolution of company law in response to the growing importance of digital assets.The use of enterprise data for capital contributions not only pro⁃motes the development of the digital economy but also plays a role in transforming social and economic structures,ultimately benefiting the public interest.The fundamental logic behind using enterprise data as capital lies in its differentiation based on types and scope,emphasis on the balance between the inter⁃ests of autonomy and coercion in enterprise data investment as well as the

关 键 词：企业数据出资 非货币出资 公司资本制度 利益平衡 

分 类 号：D922.291.91[政治法律—经济法学]