国家治理体系中《民法典》制度的守正与创新  

Inheritance and Innovation of the Civil Code Systems in the Context of National Governance Scheme

作　　者：陈小君[1] CHEN Xiao-jun

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学云山(法学)工作室

出　　处：《当代法学》2025年第2期70-84,共15页Contemporary Law Review

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“营造市场化、法治化、国际化一流营商环境研究”(23ZDA056)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：当下再审视《民法典》,应摆脱一味的“解释论”视角,由部门实践向制度经验升华,最终向国家治理回归。为此,作为《民法典》权利法本质精神的意思自治,首先需要在个体自治维度与国家治理层面形成有效契合,有必要将权利自治理念落实于大众实践的日常细节。由意思自治引申出的形式公平可类推实质公平,借此极大程度地简化裁量难度,有效管控裁量滥用风险。因形式公平落空引发的治理缺陷,以及法律借鉴面临的本土化与时代化转型需求,又反过来为国家治理之“他治”的介入提供了实践理据。《民法典》的颁行正引领新一轮法典化浪潮,其在统一法律秩序、凝聚民族精神及拓展国际影响力方面发挥“领头羊”作用。作为民事基本法,《民法典》既可对接宪法的实践需求,也辐射影响着其他部门法,同时可为重大改革政策向法律文件转化铺就渠道,进而持续强化法律体系对实践的有效策应力。Since the enactment of the Civil Code,the discussions and disputes here of have always been follow the path of“legislative theory-interpretive theory”.It's time to change the perspective of the“interpretive theory”and focus on how to summarize the institutional experience from the actual practice,trying to integrate it into the state governance scheme in the context of socialism rule of law system.Therefore,in order to effectively combine the individual autonomy,as the spirit nature rooted in the Civil Code,with the state governance,it is necessary to implement the concept of individual autonomy into people's daily lives,and thereupon to achieve the collaborative governance between“autonomy”and“heteronomy”;The formal fairness derived from the individual autonomy will be very helpful to promote the substantive fairness,by which it will greatly simplify the difficulty of discretion,effectively control the risk of abusive discretion,and avoid the governance defects caused by the failure of formal fairness.Mo⁃reover,the need of the localization and modernization of the legislative transplanting offers the practical justification for the involvement of the“heteronomy”into the state governance scheme.In addition that the rule-of-law spirit of the Civil Code accords with the state governance,the Civil Code also provides new insights to the state governance in terms of the legislative technique and practical rules.The Civil Code is not only a creative activity in the field of existing law,but also a complex process of interaction,conflict and reconciliation of multiple elements behind the law,such as political ideals,national con⁃cepts,economic demands and the spirit of science.The“codification”of the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics is not only the result of the impact of international trends,but also the continuation and presentation of the local tradition of the Chinese legal system.Its promulgation is leading a new wave of profound codification,and its unique value to co

关 键 词：《民法典》 国家治理 意思自治 公平 法典化 转化创新 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]