论犯罪构成的三个思考维度——兼论犯罪构成的属性问题  

On the Three Thinking Dimensions of Crime Composition——Discussion on the Attributes of Crime Composition

作　　者：王充[1] WANG Chong

机构地区：[1]吉林大学法学院

出　　处：《当代法学》2025年第2期109-120,共12页Contemporary Law Review

基　　金：2023年国家社科基金一般项目“司法适用中的犯罪构成问题研究”(23BFX128)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：刑法学中围绕犯罪构成的争论归根结底是由于学者们对犯罪构成属性的理解不同,不同的属性理解反映了学者们对于犯罪构成问题思考的不同理论出发点和不同的观察视角,不同的理论出发点会产生不同的逻辑体系效应,不同的观察视角会揭示出犯罪构成的不同面向。就刑事司法过程以及刑法学理论研究而言,对于犯罪构成,大体可以从三个不同的维度去理解和把握:从事实维度来说,犯罪构成指的是作为刑法评价对象的行为构成;从法律维度来说,犯罪构成指的是刑法所规定的法律要件;从理论维度来说,犯罪构成指的是不同解释路径的理论体系。不同维度的犯罪构成发挥着不同的体系功能:事实维度的行为构成是刑事诉讼过程中需要证据证明进而进行价值判断的事实基础;法律维度的法律要件是贯彻罪刑法定原则进而指导司法活动中犯罪认定的规范标准;理论维度的理论体系是刑法学中的理论前提进而为刑法学研究提供共同交流的平台。不同维度的犯罪构成是学者们基于对犯罪构成属性的不同认识所进行的不同类型刑法学问题的讨论,它们各自有各自的讨论方法和评价标准,犯罪构成问题研究中应明确区分不同维度的问题,避免因前提不清而导致问题讨论的混乱。The debate surrounding the composition of crimes in criminal law ultimately stems from scholars'different understandings of the attributes of crime composition.Different understandings of attrib⁃utes reflect scholars'different theoretical starting points and observation perspectives on the issue of crime composition.Different theoretical starting points will produce different logical system effects,and different observation perspectives will reveal different aspects of crime composition.In terms of criminal justice process and theoretical research in criminal law,the composition of a crime can be generally understood and grasped from three different dimensions.From the factual dimension,the composition of a crime refers to the behavioral composition that serves as the object of criminal law evaluation.Behavioral constitution is the factual aspect of criminal constitution,the basis for criminal behavior and theoretical research on criminal constitution in criminal law,and also the evaluation object of criminal law norms.It is a specific case fact that needs to be proven through evidence in criminal proceedings.It delineates the scope and boundaries of legal constitution and theoretical constitution from the factual level.From a legal perspec⁃tive,the composition of a crime refers to the legal requirements stipulated in criminal law.Legal elements are the normative aspect of criminal composition,which is the general value consensus of legislators con⁃densed in criminal law,and the normative standard and value guidance for criminal identification.In the application of criminal law,legal elements are the major premise that needs to be determined first in the judicial syllogism,and they are also the legal basis for guiding the determination of minor premise.The process of determining a crime is actually a value judgment process that encompasses the abstract legal el⁃ements stipulated in criminal law with specific case facts.Therefore,revealing the normative content con⁃tained in legal elements is the main ta

关 键 词：犯罪构成 行为构成 法律要件 理论体系 问题类型 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]