大黄鱼网箱养殖重金属废物排放的定量评价  

Quantifying waste outputs of heavy-metals from large yellow croaker(Larimichthys crocea) farming and its ecological effects

作　　者：林路佳 王岩[1] LIN LuJia;WANG Yan(Ocean College,Zhejiang University,Zhoushan 316021,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学海洋学院,浙江舟山316021

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2025年第1期48-59,共12页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD0900803);舟山市科技计划项目(2019C81054)。

摘　　要：定量评价海水鱼类养殖的重金属废物排放量可为完善产业规划和养殖管理提供科学依据。本研究分析了从6个大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)网箱养殖实验中采集的48个配合饲料和144个全鱼样品的铁(Fe)、铜(Cu)、锰(Mn)、铬(Cr)、镉(Cd)和铅(Pb)含量,首次利用改进的营养学模型计算了大黄鱼重金属贮积效率和养殖废物排放量。研究结果表明:按从高到低的顺序,饲料重金属含量Mn(709.284mg/kg)>Fe(175.154mg/kg)>Cu(34.215mg/kg)>Pb(7.339 mg/kg)>Cr (0.688 mg/kg)>Cd (0.413 mg/kg);大黄鱼体内重金属含量Fe (10.187 mg/kg)>Mn (2.392 mg/kg)>Cu(0.581mg/kg)>Cr(0.464mg/kg)>Cd(0.014mg/kg)>Pb(0.013mg/kg);大黄鱼重金属贮积效率Fe(6.36%)>Cr(5.71%)>Cd(4.58%)>Pb(2.90%)>Cu(1.75%)>Mn(0.35%);养殖重金属废物排放量Mn[0.9764g/(kg鱼产量)]>Fe[0.1990 g/(kg鱼产量)]> Cu [0.0422 g/(kg鱼产量)]>Cr [0.0081 g/(kg鱼产量)]>Pb [0.0007 g/(kg鱼产量)]>Cd [0.0004 g/(kg鱼产量)]。大黄鱼重金属含量同时受饲料重金属含量和重金属贮积效率影响,其中全鱼Fe和Cr含量受重金属贮积效率影响较大,全鱼Mn、Cu、Pb和Cd含量受饲料重金属含量影响较大。大黄鱼养殖Fe、Cu、Mn废物排放量与养殖N和P废物排放量均显著正相关,表明养殖废物排放的Fe、Cu、Mn量与N和P排放量同步增加。鉴于N、P和Fe是海洋浮游植物的限制性营养盐,本研究初步推测大黄鱼离岸养殖可通过排放N、P和Fe增加海区的浮游植物生物量,进而提高初级生产力。The quantitative evaluation of the heavy metal waste output from marine fish farming can provide scientific data for improving industrial planning and farming management of aquaculture.In this study,we analyzed contents of iron(Fe),copper(Cu),manganese(Mn),chromium(Cr),cadmium(Cd),and lead(Pb) in 48samples of formulated feed and 144 samples large yellow croaker(Larimichthys crocea) whole-fish collected from six net-pen feeding trials,and determined the retention efficiency and waste outputs of the heavy-metals for the first time using a modified nutritional model that has been widely used for assessing nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) waste outputs of fish farming.The results showed that,the sequences were Mn(709.284 mg/kg)>Fe(175.154 mg/kg)>Cu(34.215 mg/kg)>Pb(7.339 mg/kg)>Cr(0.688 mg/kg)>Cd(0.413 mg/kg) for the content of the heavy-metals in the feed,Fe(10.187 mg/kg)>Mn(2.392 mg/kg)>Cu(0.581 mg/kg)>Cr(0.464 mg/kg)>Cd(0.014 mg/kg)>Pb(0.013 mg/kg) for the content of the heavy-metals in the whole-fish body,Fe(6.36%)>Cr(5.71%)>Cd(4.58%)>Pb(2.90%)>Cu(1.75%)>Mn(0.35%) for the retention efficiency of the heavy-metals,and Mn [0.9764 g/kg fish gain]>Fe [0.1990 g/kg fish gain]>Cu [0.0422 g/kg fish gain]>Cr [0.0081 g/kg fish gain]>Pb [0.0007 g/kg fish gain]>Cd [0.0004 g/kg fish gain] for the waste outputs of fish farming.The heavy-metal contents depended on either the heavy-metal content in the feed or the retention efficiency of the heavy metals.Fe and Cr in whole-fish bodies were mainly affected by retention efficiency of these elements,while contents of Mn,Cu,Pb,and Cd in whole-fish were mainly affected by the feed content of these elements.The waste outputs of Fe,Cu,and Mn significantly positively correlated to wastes of N and P,respectively,suggesting that the wastes of Fe,Cu,and Mn increased with the increase of wastes of N and P.Considering the critical roles of N,P,and Fe as the nutrients limiting growth of phytoplankton and primary productivity in ocean,the results indicated that waste outputs of offshore aquacultur

关 键 词：大黄鱼养殖 重金属废物排放量 重金属贮积效率 铁 食品安全 生态学效应 

分 类 号：S965[农业科学—水产养殖]