基于环境DNA技术的夏、秋季刺参养殖池塘浮游植物群落结构研究  

Phytoplankton community structure of Apostichopus japonicus cultivation ponds based on environmental DNA technology in summer and autumn

作　　者：阮述超 刘子毓 叶琪 韩泠姝 肖皓冉 丁君[1] 王荦[1] 赵冲[1] 尹东红[1] 常亚青[1] RUAN Shuchao;LIU Ziyu;YE Qi;HAN Lingshu;XIAO Haoran;DING Jun;WANG Luo;ZHAO Chong;YIN Donghong;CHANG Yaqing(Dalian Ocean University,Key Laboratory of Mariculture&Stock Enhancement in North China Sea,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Dalian 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学,农业农村部北方海水增养殖重点实验室,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2025年第1期60-73,共14页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”领军人才项目(XLYC2202001);辽宁省科学技术厅农业重大专项(2023JH1/10200007);大连市高层次人才支持项目(2020RD03)。

摘　　要：为研究刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)养殖池塘中浮游植物群落结构及其对养殖环境的影响,采用环境DNA(environmental DNA,e DNA)技术于2023年夏季和秋季对6个刺参养殖池塘进行检测。调查结果表明,夏季共检出浮游植物8门103属162种,秋季共检测到8门248属465种。浮游植物种类数和相对丰度均以甲藻门(Dinoflagellata)、绿藻门(Chlorophyta)和硅藻门(Bacillariophyta)较高。优势种存在季节演替现象,共鉴定优势种41种,且主要出现在甲藻门、绿藻门和硅藻门。夏季浮游植物的生物多样性和均匀度指数均低于秋季,而丰富度指数则高于秋季。根据生物多样性指数,调查期间刺参养殖池塘处于轻中度污染。浮游植物群落结构与环境因子的冗余分析结果显示,硅藻门的相对丰度与硝酸盐浓度呈正相关关系,甲藻门的相对丰度与磷酸盐浓度正相关,绿藻门的相对丰度与总磷、硝酸盐、氨氮等的浓度均呈正相关关系。相关研究结果可为刺参养殖环境调控提供科学基础。Environmental DNA(eDNA) technology was applied to monitor six Apostichopus japonicus cultivation ponds during the summer and autumn of 2023 to investigate the phytoplankton community structure and its impact on the environment in sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus) cultivation ponds.The survey results showed that 8 phyla,103 genera,and 162 species of phytoplankton were detected in the summer,while 8 phyla,248 genera,and 465 species were recorded in the autumn.The phytoplankton species composition and relative abundance were dominated by Dinoflagellata,Chlorophyta,and Bacillariophyta.A seasonal succession was observed in dominant species,with 41 dominant species identified,mainly belonging to Dinoflagellata,Chlorophyta,and Bacillariophyta.The biodiversity and evenness indices of phytoplankton were lower in summer than in autumn,whereas the richness index was higher in summer.According to biodiversity indices,the A.japonicus cultivation ponds were classified as lightly to moderately polluted during the study period.Redundancy analysis(RDA) of the phytoplankton community structure and environmental factors revealed that the relative abundances of Bacillariophyta,Dinoflagellata,and Chlorophyta were positively correlated with nitrate concentration,phosphate concentration,and total phosphorus,nitrate,and ammonia nitrogen,respectively.These findings provided a scientific basis for environmental regulation in A.japonicus cultivation.

关 键 词：浮游植物群落 刺参 环境因子 环境DNA技术 

分 类 号：S917[农业科学—水产科学]