镁合金一体化压铸缺陷控制  

Defect Control of Magnesium Alloy Gigacastings

作　　者：蒋斌[1] 张昂 宋江凤 黎田 游国强[1] 郑江 潘复生[1] JIANG Bin;ZHANG Ang;SONG Jiangfeng;LI Tian;YOU Guoqiang;ZHENG Jiang;PAN Fusheng(National Key Laboratory of Advanced Casting Technologies,National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys,College of Materials Science and Engineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学材料科学与工程学院国家镁合金材料工程技术研究中心高端装备铸造技术全国重点实验室,重庆400044

出　　处：《金属学报》2025年第3期383-396,共14页Acta Metallurgica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目No.2021YFB3701000;国家自然科学基金项目Nos.52471118;U21A2048;中国科协青年人才托举工程项目No.2022QNRC001。

摘　　要：镁合金一体化压铸技术在汽车轻量化方面潜力巨大。但由于镁合金具有活泼的化学性质和较高的热裂倾向,以及一体化压铸件尺寸大、壁厚薄、几何形状更加复杂,成形过程中容易出现孔洞、热裂等各种缺陷,极大地影响了一体化压铸件的性能。本工作在简述压铸镁合金缺陷形成原因及孔洞、缺陷带和热裂3种典型缺陷防治措施的基础上,围绕熔体处理、合金开发、工艺优化和结构设计等方面,概述了镁合金一体化压铸缺陷控制方面的进展和挑战,为高性能镁合金一体化压铸缺陷控制提供了思路和方向。The demand for lightweighting is rapidly increasing to meet the carbon peak and neutrality goals.Gigacasting integrates stamping and welding processes into a single high-pressure die-casting operation,streamlining production workflows and considerably enhancing production efficiency,thereby accelerating advancements in automotive lightweighting.Magnesium alloys,which are the lightest metallic structural materials at present,are superior choices for lightweighting because of their low density,high strength,and excellent casting performance.Magnesium alloy gigacasting has enormous potential for automotive applications,enabling the production of lightweight automotive components with superior mechanical properties.However,this process faces challenges because magnesium alloys'active chemical properties and high susceptibility to hot tearing,combined with their large size,thin wall thickness,and complex geometries,make defects like porosity and hot tearing prevalent.These defects greatly impair the performance of gigacast components.Preventing and mitigating casting defects is critical for improving the yield and quality stability of magnesium alloy gigacastings,thereby facilitating their wide-spread application in industries like automotive and aerospace.To address these issues,the causes and control measures for three common defects(porosities,defect bands,and hot tearing)are briefly explored in this study.Progress and challenges in defect control,focusing on melt treatment,alloy development,process optimization,and structural design,are also outlined.This review aims to provide valuable insights into defect control strategies for developing high-performance magnesium alloy gigacastings.

关 键 词：镁合金 一体化压铸 缺陷 微观组织 工艺 

分 类 号：TG292[金属学及工艺—铸造]