镁合金电弧熔丝增材制造技术研究现状与展望  

State-of-the-Art Progress and Outlook in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of Magnesium Alloys

作　　者：黄科 李新志 方学伟[1] 卢秉恒[1] HUANG Ke;LI Xinzhi;FANG Xuewei;LU Bingheng(School of Mechanical Engineering,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学机械工程学院,西安710049

出　　处：《金属学报》2025年第3期397-419,共23页Acta Metallurgica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目Nos.523B2049、52275374和52205414。

摘　　要：电弧熔丝增材制造(WAAM)作为一种新兴的增材制造工艺,具有沉积效率高、成本低等优势,有望实现大型轻质镁合金复杂构件的一体化成形和规模化生产。然而,由于镁合金的低熔/沸点和高导热率等材料特性,导致WAAM构件中存在非均匀组织、冶金缺陷及应力变形,大幅降低了材料的可靠性和服役寿命,难以满足高端装备领域的使役要求,是亟需攻克的瓶颈问题。本文首先阐述了WAAM成形镁合金的工艺优势和技术挑战,然后从主流工艺、成形质量、冶金缺陷、组织特征和综合性能5个方面综述了近年来国内外关于镁合金WAAM成形方面的研究,并总结了基于液态熔池和固态层间的在线调控策略以及基于热处理和表面强化的整体后处理方案,为大型复杂镁合金构件的高质量成形提供相应的理论基础和指导策略。最后,从材料成分设计、组织缺陷在线调控、后处理形性协同调控以及构件性能评价等方面对WAAM镁合金的未来发展趋势与研究方向进行了总结与展望。Wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)is a promising additive manufacturing process known for its high deposition efficiency and cost effectiveness,making it well-suited for the large-scale production of complex,lightweight magnesium alloy components.Despite these advantages,magnesium alloys present challenges owing to their low melting and boiling points and high thermal conductivity,which result in nonuniform microstructures,metallurgical defects,and residual stresses in WAAMmanufactured components.These issues notably reduce the reliability and service life of the components,making it difficult to meet the demanding requirements of high-end equipment applications.It presents a critical challenge that must be addressed.This review outlines the advantages and technical challenges of WAAM,providing a comprehensive overview of recent domestic and international research in five key areas:process types,forming quality,metallurgical defects,microstructure characteristics,and overall performance.In addition,the present study summarizes in situ modulation strategies besed on the liquid melt pool and solid interlayer,as well as heat treatment and surface strengthening methods,providing a theoretical framework for improving the quality of large and complex magnesium alloy components.Finally,this review discusses future trends and research directions in WAAM for magnesium alloys,with a focus on composition design,in situ modulation,post-treatment processes,and performance evaluation.

关 键 词：电弧熔丝增材制造 镁合金 冶金缺陷 微观组织 综合性能 调控策略 

分 类 号：TG669[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]