某大型城市公交企业员工职业紧张及紧张所致健康问题的相关性分析与研究  

Study on occupational stress and its impact on the health of employees in the public transportation enterprise

作　　者：王会宁[1] 崔西勇 崔向兰 阎腾龙 牛东升[1] 王瑾[2] 李霜[2] 李珏[3] WANG Huining;CUI Xiyong;CUI Xianglan;NIU Dongsheng;WANG Jin;LI Shuang;LI Jue(Physical Examination Department,Beijing Chemical Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Institute;不详)

机构地区：[1]北京市化工职业病防治院体检部,北京100093 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所健康促进与职业紧张研究室,北京100050 [3]北京市化工职业病防治院院长办公室,北京100093

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2025年第2期102-107,119,共7页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：首都卫生发展科研专项资助(首发2024-2G-3104)。

摘　　要：目的了解某大型城市公交企业员工职业紧张状况及健康影响现状。方法采用现况调查法应用职业紧张测量核心量表(Core Occupational Stress Scale,COSS)、患者健康问卷(Patient Health Questionnaire-9,PHQ-9)、自我睡眠管理问卷(Self-administered Sleep Questionnaire,SSQ)和疲劳蓄积度调查表,对某大型城市公交企业3080名员工进行职业紧张、健康影响情况现状调查。结果公交企业员工职业紧张检出率为32.7%,抑郁症状检出率为19.3%,疲劳蓄积检出率为24.8%,睡眠障碍检出率为25.5%。工龄≥20年、周工作时间≥45 h、轮班制会增加职业紧张发生的检出率(χ^(2)=14.528、32.852、45.654,P<0.05),年龄≥40岁、适度体育锻炼会降低职业紧张发生的检出率(χ^(2)=12.792、18.326,P<0.05)。职业紧张增加了抑郁症状、疲劳蓄积和睡眠障碍发生的风险,并随着程度增加发生风险几率越高(OR>1,P<0.01)。要求和付出、组织和回报与抑郁症状、疲劳蓄积和睡眠障碍存在正相关(OR>1,P<0.01);社会支持与抑郁症状、疲劳蓄积和睡眠障碍存在负相关(OR=0.832、0.819、0.930,P<0.01);自主性与抑郁症状和疲劳蓄积存在负相关(OR=0.906、0.845,P<0.01)。结论公交企业员工职业紧张检出率较高,一定程度增加了抑郁症状、疲劳蓄积及睡眠障碍的发生风险,企业有必要采取针对性干预措施,减少职业紧张的发生,保护员工的身心健康。Objective To understand the occupational stress and health problems caused by stress among employees in the public transportation industry.Methods The occupational stress and health status of 3080 employees of a large urban public transportation company were investigated by using the Core Occupational Stress Scale(Core Occupational Stress Scale,COSS),Patient Health Questionnaire(Patient Health Questionnaire-9,PHQ-9),Selfadministered Sleep Questionnaire(Self-administered Sleep Questionnaire,SSQ)and Fatigue Accumulation Questionnaire.Results The occupational stress detection rate among public transport enterprise employees was 32.7%,the depressive symptoms detection rate was 19.3%,the fatigue accumulation detection rate was 24.8%,and the insomnia symptoms detection rate was 25.5%.The detection rate of occupational stress increased with work experience of more than 20 years,weekly work hours of more than 45 hours,and shift work(χ^(2)=14.528,32.852,45.654,P<0.05).The detection rate occupational stress decreased with age of more than 40 years and moderate physical exercise(χ^(2)=12.792,18.326,P<0.05).Occupational stress increased the risk of depressive symptoms,fatigue accumulation,and insomnia symptoms,and the risk increased as the degree increased(OR>1,P<0.01).Demands and contributions,organization and return,and social support were positively associated with depressive symptoms,fatigue accumulation,and insomnia symptoms(OR>l,P<0.01).Social support was negatively associated with depressive symptoms,fatigue accumulation and insomnia symptoms(OR=0.832,0.819,0.930,P<0.01).Autonomy was negatively associated with depressive symptoms and fatigue accumulation(OR=0.906,0.845,P<0.01).Conclusion The detection rate of occupational stress among bus employees is relatively high,which to a certain extent increases the risk of depressive symptoms,fatigue accumulation and sleep disorders.It is necessary for enterprises to take targeted intervention measures to reduce the occurrence of occupational stress protecting the physical a

关 键 词：公交行业 职业紧张 抑郁症状 疲劳蓄积 睡眠障碍 

分 类 号：R135.1[医药卫生—劳动卫生]