广东省7~18岁儿童青少年常见病多病共患现状及相关因素分析  

Epidemiological characteristics and related factors of multimorbidity of common diseases among children and adolescents aged 7-18 years in Guangdong Province

作　　者：李梦 沈少君[1] 陈秋霞[1] 刘荣[1] 杨晓[2] 杨程舒 星一[3] 曲亚斌[1] Li Meng;Shen Shaojun;Chen Qiuxia;Liu Rong;Yang Xiao;Yang Chengshu;Xing Yi;Qu Yabin(Environmental and School Health Center of Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guangzhou,Guangdon 510000,China;Department of Refractive and Adolescent Myopia Prevention and Control,Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center,Sun Yat sen University,Guangzhou,Guangong 510000,China;Institute of Child and Adolescent Health/School of Public Health,Peking University,Beijng 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省疾病预防控制中心环境与学校卫生所,广州510000 [2]中山大学中山眼科中心屈光与青少年近视防控科,广州510000 [3]北京大学公共卫生学院,北京大学儿童青少年卫生研究所,北京100191

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》2025年第3期277-285,共9页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：2023年省科技创新战略项目(2023A1111120013)。

摘　　要：目的探索广东省7~18岁儿童青少年近视与肥胖及近视与营养不足共患现状,分析其流行特征及相关因素。方法采用分层随机整群抽样的方法,将2023年全省21个地市共274939名7~18岁儿童青少年纳入研究,收集身高、体重、远视力和屈光度等体格检查信息,以及饮食行为、身体活动、视屏行为、睡眠时间等问卷调查信息,分析近视与肥胖及近视与营养不足共患现况和变化趋势,采用多因素logistic回归模型分析共患的相关因素。结果2023年广东省7~18岁儿童青少年近视与肥胖、近视与营养不足共患率分别为4.43%和6.40%;其中男生共患率分别为5.44%和6.88%,高于女生的3.31%和5.88%(均P<0.001);城区学生共患率分别为5.03%和6.73%,高于县区学生的4.03%和6.18%(均P<0.001)。随着学段的升高,近视与肥胖、近视与营养不足共患率升高(均P<0.001)。近视与肥胖共患、近视与营养不足共患率随年龄的变化呈波动变化,均在12岁时出现首次下降。多因素logistic回归模型分析结果显示,与每天文化课补习时间<2 h、每天视屏时间<2 h、不每天喝含糖饮料、每天睡眠时间符合卫生要求、每周3天及以上中高强度运动≥60 min/d的7~18岁儿童青少年相比,每天文化课补习时间≥2 h(OR=1.18,95%CI:1.11~1.26)、每天视屏时间≥2 h(OR=1.09,95%CI:1.02~1.16)、每天喝含糖饮料(OR=1.20,95%CI:1.11~1.30)、每周无中高强度运动≥60 min/d(OR=1.09,95%CI:1.01~1.18)、每天睡眠时间不符合卫生要求(OR=1.16,95%CI:1.09~1.23)的儿童青少年近视与肥胖共患的风险较高。与每周3天及以上中高强度运动≥60 min/d的7~18岁儿童青少年相比,每周不足3天中高强度运动≥60 min/d(OR=1.20,95%CI:1.17~1.34)的儿童青少年近视与营养不足共患风险较高。结论广东省7~18岁儿童青少年近视与肥胖及近视与营养不足共患率均较低,随年龄增长呈波动变化;运动、视屏时间、含糖饮料和睡眠时间�Objective To investigate the multimorbidity of myopia and obesity,as well as myopia and malnutrition,among children and adolescents aged 7-18 in Guangdong Province and analyze their epidemiological characteristics and related factors.Methods A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 274939 children and adolescents aged 7-18 from 21 cities in Guangdong Province in 2023.Physical examination information such as height,weight,distance vision,and diopter,as well as questionnaire survey information on dietary behavior,physical activity,screen behavior,sleep time,etc.,were collected to analyze the current status and trends of multimorbidity between myopia and obesity,myopia and malnutrition.The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors of multimorbidity.Results The multimorbidity rates of myopia and obesity,myopia and malnutrition in children and adolescents aged 7-18 in Guangdong Province in 2023 were 4.43%and 6.40%,respectively.The multimorbidity rates for males were 5.44%and 6.88%,respectively,which were higher than those for females,about 3.31%and 5.88%(both P<0.001).The multimorbidity rates of urban students were 5.03%and 6.73%,respectively,which were higher than those of county students at 4.03%and 6.18%(both P<0.001).The multimorbidity rates of myopia and obesity,myopia and malnutrition increased with the increase of academic stage(all P<0.001).The multimorbidity rates of myopia and obesity,as well as myopia and malnutrition,fluctuated with age,with the first decrease occurring at the age of 12.The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared to children and adolescents aged 7-18 who had daily after-school tutoring<2 hours,daily screen time<2 hours,did not consume sugary drinks every day,sleep time that could meet health requirements daily,and exercised≥60 minutes of moderate-to vigorous-physical activity≥60 minutes for at least 3 days per week,those who had daily after-school tutoring≥2 hours(OR=1.18,95%CI:1.11-1.26),daily screen t

关 键 词：学生 近视 肥胖 营养不足 多病 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]