鼻腔黏膜免疫及鼻内疫苗研究进展  

Research progress on nasal mucosal immunity and intranasal vaccines

作　　者：贺小月 蔡路奎[1,2] 杨净思 He Xiaoyue;Cai Lukui;Yang Jingsi(Institute of Medical Biology,Chinese Academy of Medical Science Peking Union Medical College,Kunming 650118,China;Kumming Science and Technology Inovation Center for Research,Development and Industrialization of Vaccines against New and Sudden High Pathogenic Pathogen,Kunming 650118,China)

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院医学生物学研究所,昆明650118 [2]昆明市新发突发高致病性病原体疫苗研发和产业化企业科技创新中心,昆明650118

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》2025年第3期390-396,共7页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：云南省重大科技专项计划(202302AA310003、202402AA310022、202002AA100009)。

摘　　要：黏膜免疫在感染初始阶段能有效防止病原体入侵黏膜,并在感染后期抑制病原体在体内复制。因此,开发黏膜疫苗对于传染病的预防控制具有重要意义。鼻内疫苗可以在鼻黏膜和鼻相关淋巴组织诱导细胞、体液及黏膜三重免疫,产生分泌型IgA,在预防呼吸系统传染病中发挥重要作用。但鼻腔中鼻黏液对抗原的稀释、纤毛对抗原的清除以及鼻黏膜上皮细胞的屏障作用,会降低抗原的生物利用度,限制了鼻内疫苗效力。本文对鼻腔黏膜免疫系统构造及其介导的免疫应答,已上市或正处于临床研究的鼻内疫苗进行综述,并探讨鼻内疫苗研究面临的挑战。Mucosal immunity can effectively prevent pathogen invasion of the mucosa at the initial stage of infection and inhibit pathogen replication within the body at later stages of infection.Therefore,the development of mucosal vaccines is of great significance for the prevention and control of infectious diseases.Intranasal vaccines can induce cellular,humoral,and mucosal immunity in the nasal mucosa and nasal-associated lymphoid tissue,producing secretory IgA,which plays a crucial role in preventing respiratory infections.However,the dilution of antigens by nasal mucus,clearance of antigens by cilia,and the barrier function of nasal epithelial cells in the nasal cavity can reduce the bioavailability of antigens and limit the efficacy of intranasal vaccines.This article reviews the structure of the nasal mucosal immune system and its mediated immune response,as well as intranasal vaccines that have been launched or are currently in clinical research,and explores the challenges faced in intranasal vaccine research.

关 键 词：鼻腔黏膜 黏膜免疫 鼻内疫苗 研究进展 

分 类 号：R392[医药卫生—免疫学]