凤鸣炅山:史前东夷人神灵考古初论  

A Preliminary Study on the Archaeology of Prehistoric Dongyi Deities

作　　者：王青[1] 王开腾 WANG Qing;WANG Kaiteng

机构地区：[1]山东大学考古学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《中原文物》2025年第1期28-42,共15页Cultural Relics of Central China

摘　　要：本文根据出土资料的梳理和复原,结合有关文献记载,从神灵考古角度对史前东夷人的精神世界做了初步探索,主要得出如下结论:1)东夷人的神灵崇拜在大汶口文化晚期走向成熟,以凤鸟崇拜、鼍龙崇拜及神山崇拜为中心;2)凤鸟应是始祖神、鼍龙应是祖先神,由此建立了一个较为成熟的神界系统,成为东夷人创世神话和精神信仰的代表;3)“凤鸣炅山”是东夷人创世神话和精神信仰的核心,与始祖神、祖先神相沟通的最高形式应是在高山上进行祭祀仪式;4)东夷人与神灵沟通的通神法器较为丰富多样,在纹饰主题、装饰工艺、装饰材质和装饰器型等方面表现出浓郁的海岱文化传统和地域特色,深刻反映了东夷人的艺术传统和艺术成就。史前东夷人精神世界的演进从大汶口到龙山是一脉相承的,与社会复杂化进程也是相辅相成、紧密相连的,并为早期中国的形成做出了重要贡献。Based on the analysis and reconstruction of excavated materials,combined with relevant literary records,this paper offers a preliminary exploration of the spiritual world of the prehistoric Dongyi people from the perspective of spiritual archaeology.The main conclusions are as follows:1)The worship of deities among the Dongyi people matured during the late Dawenkou Culture,centering on the veneration of the phoenix bird,the alligator-dragon,and sacred mountains.2)The phoenix bird is likely associated with the ancestral deity,while the alligator-dragon is connected to ancestral spirits,forming a relatively complete divine system that became representative of the Dongyi people's creation myths and spiritual beliefs.3)The“Phoenix's Song on Jing Mountain”represents the core of the Dongyi people's creation myths and spiritual beliefs,with the highest form of communication between the ancestral deity and spirits occurring through sacrificial rituals held on high mountains.4)The Dongyi people's spiritual communication tools were diverse and richly varied,displaying strong traditions of the Haidai culture and regional characteristics in their motifs,decorative techniques,materials,and vessel shapes.These artifacts deeply reflect the Dongyi people's artistic traditions and achievements.The evolution of the spiritual world of the prehistoric Dongyi people from Dawenkou to Longshan was continuous,closely intertwined with the process of societal complexity,and made significant contributions to the formation of early China.

关 键 词：史前 东夷人 精神世界 神灵考古 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]