抗菌药物耐药基因分布及传播研究进展  

Research progress on distribution and transmission of antibiotic resistance genes

作　　者：卢婉倩 虞臻迪(综述) 程东庆(审校)[1] LU Wanqian;YU Zhendi;CHENG Dongqing(School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering,Zhejiang Chinese Medical University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310053,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江中医药大学医学技术与信息工程学院,浙江杭州310053

出　　处：《检验医学与临床》2025年第7期1003-1008,共6页Laboratory Medicine and Clinic

摘　　要：随着抗菌药物在医疗、农业、畜牧业的大量使用,在全球范围内形成了严重的细菌耐药问题,对疾病治疗、人类健康和生态环境造成巨大威胁。如何解决抗菌药物耐药性是全球共同面临的一项重要挑战。该文总结了高丰度、高检出率的耐药基因家族及其亚型,探讨了不同生物环境抗菌药物耐药基因的分布特征,分析了抗菌药物耐药基因的迁移传播机制,阐述了临床中抗菌药物耐药性的表现及其造成的健康风险。目前对抗菌药物耐药的研究中,存在临床实践中抗菌药物的滥用、耐药菌株的快速传播和交叉感染、数据共享和国际合作的缺乏、多样性的耐药机制研究不明等诸多问题。该文通过总结概论以期为临床疾病治疗、耐药菌株的快速传播和交叉感染、多样性的耐药机制、人-动物-环境健康风险等问题的研究提供新思路。期望通过替代医疗的发展、多学科合作与技术创新、合理使用与管理、新型抗菌药物的探索与开发、国际合作与政策制定等多种综合手段来有效减缓耐药性的发展。With the widespread use of antibiotics in healthcare,agriculture and animal husbandry,a serious problem of bacterial resistance has emerged globally,posing significant risks to disease treatment,human health and the ecological environment.How to address antibiotic resistance is an important challenge faced globally.This article summarizes the high abundance and high detection rate of antibiotic resistance gene families and their subtypes,explores the distribution characteristics of antibiotic resistance genes in different habitats,analyzes the migration and transmission mechanisms of antibiotic resistance genes,and elucidates the manifestations and health risks of antibiotic resistance in clinical practice.At present,there are many problems in the research of antibiotic resistance,such as the abuse of antibiotics in clinical practice,rapid spread and cross infection of drug-resistant strains,lack of data sharing and international cooperation,and unclear research on diverse resistance mechanisms.This review aims to provide new ideas for the study of clinical disease treatment,rapid spread and cross infection of drug-resistant strains,diverse resistance mechanisms and human animal environmental health risks by summarizing the introduction.It is exprected to slow down effectively the development of drug resistance through various comprehensive means such as the development of alternative medicine,interdisciplinary cooperation and technological innovation,rational use and management,exploration and development of new antibiotics,international cooperation and policy formulation.

关 键 词：抗菌药物 耐药基因 分布 传播 生物环境 健康风险 

分 类 号：R446.5[医药卫生—诊断学]