锂离子电池中锗基负极材料的构建及改性研究  

Construction and Modification of Germanium-based Anode Materials in Lithium-ion Batteries

作　　者：苟清懿 廖华 陈凤阳 曾瑞林 刘慧哲 杨妮 侯彦青[1,2] 谢刚 GOU Qingyi;LIAO Hua;CHEN Fengyang;ZENG Ruilin;LIU Huizhe;YANG Ni;HOU Yanqing;XIE Gang(State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650000,China;School of Metallurgy and Energy Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650000,China;Kunming Metallurgical Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Kunming 650000,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学复杂有色资源清洁利用国家重点实验室,昆明650000 [2]昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院,昆明650000 [3]昆明冶金研究院有限公司,昆明650000

出　　处：《材料导报》2025年第8期1-11,共11页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(22168019)。

摘　　要：锂离子电池因高能量密度、长循环寿命、无记忆效应等特点在便携式电子器件和电动汽车中得到了广泛的应用。锗基负极材料以高理论比容量(约为碳的4倍)、低嵌锂电位以及良好的导电性(约为硅的104倍)等优点成为当前锂离子电池领域的研究热点之一。近年来研究者们对其合成与改性进行大量研究并取得突破性的成功,然而锗基负极材料在循环稳定性方面仍存在诸多挑战,这主要因为锗基负极材料在充放电过程中存在严重的体积效应且界面不稳定。本文从低维度纳米化、多孔化、碳材料复合和合金化四种改性策略入手,介绍各类锗基负极材料的制备方法、形貌、结构以及电化学性能。最后,讨论了锗基负极材料改性方法和手段的研究进展以及未来研究的方向。Lithium-ion batteries have been widely used in portable electronic devices and electric vehicles due to their high energy density,long cycle life,and no memory effect.Germaniumbased anode materials have emerged as a key focus of research in the realm of lithium-ion batteries,owing to their high theoretical specific capacity(approximately 4 times that of graphite),low lithium insertion potential,and excellent conductivity(roughly 104 times that of silicon).In recent years,researchers have conducted extensive studies on the synthesis and modification of germaniumbased anode materials,resulting in significant breakthroughs.However,there are still many challenges in the cycling stability of germaniumbased anode materials,mainly due to the severe volume effect and unstable interface during the charge and discharge processes.This paper presents the preparation methods,morphology,structure,and electrochemical performance of diverse germaniumbased anode materials through the lens of four modification strategies:dimensional nanostructuring,porous structuring,carbon material composites,and alloying.Finally,it delves into the research progress of modification techniques and approaches for germanium-based anode materials,along with outlining future research directions.

关 键 词：锗基负极材料 锂离子电池 碳锗复合材料 纳米结构 合金化 

分 类 号：TQ152[化学工程—电化学工业]