碳量子点的制备、性质及在光催化领域中的应用研究进展  

Research Progress on Preparation, Properties and Photocatalytic Application of Carbon Quantum Dots

作　　者：阳东胤 赵媛 燕红[1] YANG Dongyin;ZHAO Yuan;YAN hong(School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering,Harbin University of Science and Technology,Harbin 150080,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨理工大学材料科学与化学工程学院,哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《材料导报》2025年第8期26-38,共13页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(22278099);国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金重点项目(U23A20135);哈尔滨理工大学博士科研启动金(8402/217045389)。

摘　　要：光催化是一种绿色清洁的生产工艺,是目前缓解能源与环境问题的有效方法。半导体材料因合适的带隙而成为一类优良的光催化剂,由于比表面积小、太阳光利用率低且在光催化反应过程中光生电子-空穴对易复合,导致其光催化反应性能不理想。碳量子点是一种类球形碳纳米材料,除了高比表面积、低毒性及良好的生物相容性外,其独特的上转换发光特性和良好的电子转移性能对提高光催化效率至关重要。因此,将碳量子点与半导体材料耦合改性是提高半导体材料光催化效率的重要方法。本文介绍了碳量子点的制备方法,阐明了其独特的光学与电学性质,并着重阐述了碳量子点在光催化产氢、光催化降解有机污染物、光催化还原CO_(2)、光催化去除重金属污染和光催化灭菌领域中的应用,最后简要总结了目前碳量子点在光催化应用中的不足及对其未来的发展进行了展望。As a green and clean production technology,photocatalytic process is an effective way to alleviate energy and environmental problems.Semiconductor material is a good choice for photocatalysts because of their suitable band gaps,but the photocatalytic efficiency is not ideal due to its small specific surface area,low utilization rate of sunlight and easy recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs in the process of photocatalytic reaction.Carbon quantum dots are spherical carbon nanomaterials,which are essential for improving photocatalytic efficiency due to their unique upconversion luminescence properties and good electron transfer ability,in addition to high specific surface area,low toxicity and good biocompatibility.Therefore,coupling and modification of carbon quantum dots with semiconductor materials is an important method to improve the photocatalytic efficiency of semiconductor materials.In this paper,the preparation method of carbon quantum dots is introduced,its unique optical and electronic properties are clarified,and the applications of carbon quantum dots in the fields of photocatalytic hydrogen production,photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants,photocatalytic reduction of CO_(2),photocatalytic removal of heavy metal pollution and photocatalytic sterilization are emphatically expounded.Finally,the shortcomings of carbon quantum dots in photocatalytic application at present are briefly summarized and its future development is prospected.

关 键 词：碳量子点 光催化 电子介质 光学性质 

分 类 号：TB32[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]