水泥固化中、低放射性水平废物的机理、应用和挑战:以^(90)Sr为例  

Mechanism,Application,and Challenges for Cement Solidification of Medium and Low Radioactive Waste:a Case Study of ^(90)Sr

作　　者：岳汉威 杨德博 崔竹 朱治国 于雷 朱永昌 YUE Hanwei;YANG Debo;CUI Zhu;ZHU Zhiguo;YU Lei;ZHU Yongchang(China Building Materials Academy Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100024,China)

机构地区：[1]中国建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司,北京100024

出　　处：《材料导报》2025年第8期101-107,共7页Materials Reports

摘　　要：核电站、后处理厂在运行期间会产生大量废液、废树脂、废活性炭和化学泥浆等中、低放射性水平废物。这些废物占据核燃料闭式循环废物总产生量的90%以上,具有毒性大、半衰期长等特点,一旦发生泄漏,将会对生态环境造成严重危害,因此需要对其进行安全高效的处理。水泥固化是处理中、低水平放射性废物最广泛的方法,具有操作简便、工艺简洁和成本低等优点,在过去几十年间得到了普遍的应用。本文以^(90)Sr为例,介绍了核素在水泥水化体系中吸附固化的机理和与之适应的相关材料,回顾了利用水泥固化技术处理废树脂、废液和泥浆的研究进展,阐述了当前水泥固化面临的挑战,并对未来需要解决的技术问题进行了展望。During the operation of nuclear power plants and reprocessing plants,a large amount of medium and low-level radioactive wastes such as waste liquid,waste resin,waste activated carbon,chemical slurry will be generated.Which account for more than 90%of the total amount of nuclear fuel closed cycle waste,and have the characteristics of high toxicity and long half-life.Once the leakage occurs,it will cause serious harm to the ecological environment,so it needs to be treated safely and efficiently.Cement solidification technology is the most widely used method for the treatment of low and medium level radioactive wastes for its advantages of simple operation,simple process and low cost in the past few decades.Taking ^(90)Sr nuclide as an example,this summary introduces the mechanism of nuclide adsorption and solidification in cement hydration system and the corresponding materials.In addition,the research status of cement solidification technology for treating waste resin,waste liquid,and slurry is reviewed.Finally,the current challenges are described,and the technology problems that need to be solved in the future are prospected.

关 键 词：放射性废物 水泥 固化 核素 

分 类 号：TL941[核科学技术—辐射防护及环境保护]