化学发光法与酶联免疫吸附试验在HIV试验中的反应特点  

Reaction characteristics of chemiluminescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in HIV test

作　　者：田丽萍 陶洁 TIAN Liping;TAO Jie(Blood Transfusion Department,Zibo 148 Hospital,Zibo 255300,China)

机构地区：[1]淄博一四八医院输血科,山东淄博255300

出　　处：《临床医学研究与实践》2025年第10期106-109,共4页Clinical Research and Practice

摘　　要：目的比较化学发光法与酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)在艾滋筛查试验中的阳性反应率,总结两种试验的应用特点。方法本院输血科对2021年1月至2023年10月手术前、创伤检查前、健康体检以及输血前检查患者通过化学发光法进行筛查,阳性标本用ELISA法复检。比较化学发光法、ELISA法在艾滋筛查试验中的阳性反应情况。结果43260例患者血清标本中,化学发光法初筛阳性反应率为0.05%,ELISA法复检阳性反应率为14.29%,3例复检阳性标本免疫印迹法(WB)确证试验阳性反应2例,阴性反应1例,阳性反应率66.67%。化学发光法初筛后的标本确证阳性反应率为9.52%,ELISA法初筛后的标本确证阳性反应率为66.67%。结论化学发光法初筛后的标本确证阳性反应率较ELISA法低。初筛实验室应严格按照实验室操作规程,以及初筛阳性后标准处理流程,结合ELISA法、临床资料进行综合判断,并及时送检样本至我市疾控中心进行WB确证试验。Objective To compare the positive reaction rate of chemiluminescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)in AIDS screening test,and to summarize the application characteristics of the two tests.Methods The blood transfusion department of our hospital screened the patients before operation,trauma examination,health examination and blood transfusion from January 2021 to October 2023 by chemiluminescence,and the positive samples were re-examined by ELISA.The positive reactions of chemiluminescence and ELISA in AIDS screening test were compared.Results Among the serum samples of 43260 patients,the positive reaction rate of primary screening by chemiluminescence was 0.05%,and the positive reaction rate of re-examination by ELISA was 14.29%.There were 2 cases of positive reaction and 1 case of negative reaction in 3 cases of re-examination positive samples by western blotting(WB),and the positive reaction rate was 66.67%.The confirmed positive reaction rate of the samples after primary screening by chemiluminescence was 9.52%,and the confirmed positive reaction rate of the samples after primary screening by ELISA was 66.67%.Conclusion The positive reaction rate of chemiluminescence after primary screening is significantly lower than that of ELISA.The preliminary screening laboratory should strictly follow the laboratory operation procedures and the standard treatment process after the initial screening positive,combine the ELISA and clinical data to make a comprehensive judgment,and send the test samples to our city's CDC for WB confirmation test in time.

关 键 词：化学发光法 酶联免疫吸附试验 艾滋病 

分 类 号：R446.6[医药卫生—诊断学]