支气管色素沉着患者临床特征及支气管镜下分型与患者年龄、病理结果的关系  

Clinical characteristics of patients with bronchial anthracosis and relationship between the bronchoscopic classification and age and pathological results of patients

作　　者：龙成凤[1] 侯长春 李华 申舟如 LONG Chengfeng;HOU Changchun;LI Hua;SHEN Zhouru(Third Area of Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,the Second People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,Guilin,Guangxi 541002,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区南溪山医院、广西壮族自治区第二人民医院呼吸与危重症医学科三区,广西桂林541002

出　　处：《医药前沿》2025年第11期36-38,41,共4页Journal of Frontiers of Medicine

基　　金：广西壮族自治区卫生健康委员会自筹经费科研课题(Z20190224)。

摘　　要：目的探讨支气管色素沉着(BAC)患者临床特征及支气管镜下分型与患者年龄、病理结果的关系。方法回顾性分析2020年1月—2022年6月于广西壮族自治区南溪山医院行支气管镜检查确诊的292例BAC患者的临床资料,统计患者临床特征,并比较不同支气管镜下分型患者的年龄和病理结果。结果292例BAC患者中,≥60岁患者最多,占64.04%;患者以咳嗽咳痰发生率最高,占46.23%;色素沉着部位以左右上叶和右中叶支气管为主,分别占60.96%、59.93%和59.59%。支气管镜下分型单纯色素沉着型105例,色素沉着浸润型31例,色素沉着纤维化型156例;148例行病理检查,其中黏膜慢性炎症最常见,占75.68%。不同支气管镜下分型患者年龄和病理结果比较差异均有统计学意义,且色素沉着浸润型在≥60岁患者中的发生率高于单纯色素沉着型和色素沉着纤维化型,色素沉着浸润型黏膜慢性炎症发生率低于单纯色素沉着型和色素沉着纤维化型(P<0.05)。结论BAC多见于老年患者,且好发于左右上叶和右中叶,病灶多表现为单纯色素沉着型或色素沉着纤维化型,病理结果多为良性,但应密切关注其慢性炎症发展情况,并采取必要措施以降低肺癌发生风险。Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with bronchial anthracosis(BAC)and relationship between the bronchoscopic classification and age and pathological results of patients.Methods The clinical data of 292 patients with BAC diagnosed by bronchoscopy in Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from January 2020 to June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.The clinical characteristics of patients were statistically analyzed,and the age and pathological results of patients with different bronchoscopic classification were compared.Results Among the 292 BAC patients,the patients≥60 years old were the most,accounting for 64.04%;the incidence of cough and sputum was the highest in patients,accounting for 46.23%.The pigmentation sites were mainly in the left and right upper lobes and right middle lobe bronchus,accounting for 60.96%,59.93%and 59.59%,respectively.There were 105 cases of simple pigmentation type,31 cases of pigmentation infiltration type and 156 cases of pigmented fibrosis type under bronchoscopy.148 cases underwent pathological examination,of which chronic mucosal inflammation was the most common,accounting for 75.68%.There were statistically significant differences in the age and pathological results of patients with different bronchoscopic types,and the incidence of pigmented infiltration type in patients over 60 years old was higher than that of simple pigmented type and pigmented fibrosis type,and the incidence of chronic mucosal inflammation of pigmented infiltration type was lower than that of simple pigmented type and pigmented fibrosis type(P<0.05).Conclusions BAC is more common in elderly patients and occurs in left and right upper and right middle lobes.The lesions are mostly characterized by simple pigmentation type or pigmented fibrosis type,and the pathological results are mostly benign.However,we should pay close attention to the development of chronic inflammation and take necessary measures to reduce the risk of lung cancer.

关 键 词：支气管色素沉着 支气管镜下分型 临床特征 年龄 病理结果 

分 类 号：R562[医药卫生—呼吸系统]