自锁螺母防松性能衰减机理研究  

Mechanism Study on the Decay of Anti-Loosening Performance of Self-Locking Nuts

作　　者：徐洪鹏 常志刚[2] 卢红立 丁晓宇[1] XU Hongpeng;CHANG Zhigang;LU Hongli;DING Xiaoyu(School of Mechanical Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China;China Aviation Comprehensive Technology Institute,Beijing 100073,China;Beijing Institute of Astronautical Systems Engineering,Beijing 100076,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学机械与车辆学院,北京100081 [2]中国航空综合技术研究所,北京100073 [3]北京宇航系统工程研究所,北京100076

出　　处：《宇航总体技术》2025年第2期69-74,共6页Astronautical Systems Engineering Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“叶企孙”科学基金项目(U2141217);技术基础科研项目(JSZL2022205A001)。

摘　　要：自锁螺母是一种航空航天领域常用的防松紧固件,收口量的大小是影响其防松性能的关键因素。当收口量增大到一定程度时,自锁螺母可能发生“收口量增大防松性能反而下降”的现象,但是对于其力学机理尚不明确。基于有限元仿真方法,进一步明确了收口量对自锁螺母防松性能的影响规律,解释了自锁螺母防松性能的衰减机理,并通过横向振动试验对规律进行了验证。自锁螺母在拧入过程中会产生阻碍其旋转松动的抱紧力,在预紧力加载以及松动过程中抱紧力会逐渐减小,且随着收口量的增大,减小量逐渐增加。当收口量增大到一定程度时就会发生收口量越大抱紧力越小的现象,导致防松性能随之下降。Self-locking nut is a common anti-loosening fastener used in the aerospace field,therefore the size of the closing amount is a key factor affecting the loosening of the performance of the key factors.When the amount of closure increased to a certain extent,self-locking nuts may occur″closure increased anti-loosening performance decreasing″phenomenon,but its mechanical mechanism is not clear.Based on the finite element simulation method,the influence law of the closing amount on the anti-loosening performance of self-locking nuts is further clarified,the attenuation mechanism of the anti-loosening performance of self-locking nut is explained,and the law is berified by the transverse vibration test.The mechanism is that the screw process of self-locking nuts will produce a holding force to prevent its rotational loosening,in the loading and loosening process,the holding force will gradually decrease,and with the increase of the closing amount,the amount of reduction gradually increased.So when the closing amount increases to a certain extent,the phenomenon will occur that with the increase of the closing amount,the holding force decreases,resulting in reduced anti-loosening performance.

关 键 词：自锁螺母 收口量 防松性能 

分 类 号：V465[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航制造工程]