国家水土保持示范县创建历程、特点和成效  

The Creation Process,Characteristics,and Achievements of National Demonstration Counties of Soil and Water Conservation

作　　者：崔亚强 薛丽娟 CUI Yaqiang;XUE Lijuan(Lanzhou South Mountain and North Mountain Greening and Irrigation Management Office,Lanzhou,Gansu 730046,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州市南北两山绿化灌溉管理处,甘肃兰州730046

出　　处：《中国水土保持》2025年第4期5-9,74,I0007,共7页Soil and Water Conservation in China

基　　金：兰州市科技计划项目(科技支撑专项)(2024-3-17)。

摘　　要：自20世纪90年代开始,水利部在全国范围内开展了多项水土保持示范创建评选活动。自2021年开展国家水土保持示范创建活动以来,至2023年共开展3批次评选活动,有131个县(市、区、旗)入选“国家水土保持示范县”,分布在全国27个省(自治区、直辖市)。分析国家水土保持示范县在区域、省级行政区、水土保持一级区等方面的分布规律,发现存在分布不均衡、布局不科学、缺少顶层设计和示范县评价打分标准更新不及时等问题。根据各示范县创建的经验和做法资料,总结出成功创建示范县要强化组织领导、聚焦项目建管并重、注重科技成果应用、打造完备的综合防治体系和注重效益发挥等经验。针对存在的问题,提出统筹谋划、合理布局,取消数量限制、平衡地区差异,建立激励机制、强化示范引领,补充完善示范县评价打分标准和加强交流合作等创建建议。Since the 1990s,the Ministry of Water Resources has initiated multiple demonstration creation and selection activities for soil and water conservation across the country.Since the national demonstration creation of soil and water conservation has been carried out in 2021,three rounds of selection activities have been conducted by 2023,with 131 counties(cities,districts,and banners)being selected as national demonstration counties of soil and water conservation,distributed across 27 provinces(autonomous regions,and municipalities).Based on analyzing the distribution patterns of national demonstration counties of soil and water conservation across regions,provincial administrative districts,and first-level zones of soil and water conservation,the paper proposed existing problems such as uneven distribution,unscientific layout,lack of top-level design,and delayed updates in evaluation and scoring standards.Based on the experiences and practices of these demonstration counties,the paper summarized successful creation experiences including strengthening organizational leadership,focusing on both project construction and management,emphasizing the application of scientific and technological achievements,implementing comprehensive prevention and control systems,and emphasizing the realization of benefits.According to existing problems,the paper proposed creation suggestions include integrated planning and rational distribution,removing quantity restrictions to balance regional differences,establishing incentive mechanisms to enhance demonstration leadership,supplementing and improving evaluation and scoring standards,and strengthening communication and cooperation.

关 键 词：国家水土保持示范县 创建历程 分布特点 创建经验 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]