硅藻土基一体化纳米阻燃剂合成及其阻燃性能研究  

Synthesis of diatomaceous earth-based integrated nano-flame retardant and the flame retardant performance

作　　者：印恋 涂贝 周克清 YIN Lian;TU Bei;ZHOU Keqing(Faculty of Engineering,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)工程学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《安全与环境工程》2025年第2期178-185,共8页Safety and Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(22005277、52074247)。

摘　　要：为改善环氧树脂的火灾安全性能,通过水热反应对硅藻土进行共价修饰改性以结合硅酸镁,再通过聚合反应原位生长植酸掺杂聚苯胺,合成植酸掺杂聚苯胺/硅酸镁/硅藻土一体化纳米阻燃剂(DMPN),并将其掺入环氧树脂(EP)基体中合成EP复合材料,探究纳米阻燃剂在EP基体中的分散性及其对EP的阻燃、抑烟性能的影响。结果表明:DMPN可均匀分散在EP基体中;当DMPN的添加量为5 wt%时,EP复合材料(EP/DMPN 5)的热降解速率降低、残炭量提高;EP/DMPN 5的热释放速率峰值(pHRR)、总热释放量(THR)、烟气释放速率峰值(pSPR)和总烟气释放量(TSR)相对纯EP分别降低了15.4%、23.6%、20.7%和23.8%,表现出更好的火灾安全性;火灾安全性的提升主要归因于金属镁化合物、氮磷膨胀阻燃剂、黏土矿物阻燃剂在EP基体中发挥了协同阻燃效果。本研究为天然矿物的增值利用提供了一种新思路。In order to improve the fire safety of epoxy resins,diatomaceous earth was covalently modified by hydrothermal reaction to combine magnesium silicate,and then phytic acid doped polyaniline was grown in situ by polymerisation reaction to form phytic acid doped polyaniline/magnesium silicate/diatomaceous earth integrated nano-flame retardants(DMPN),which were doped into the epoxy resin(EP)matrix composites to synthesize EP composites.Subsequently,the dispersion of the nano-flame retardant in the EP matrix and its effect on the fire retardant and smoke inhibition properties of EP composites were studied.The results show that DMPN can be uniformly dispersed in EP matrix.When the addition of DMPN is 5 wt%,the thermal degradation rate of EP composites decreases and the carbon residue content increases.The peak heat release rate(pHRR),total heat release amount(THR),peak smoke release rate(pSPR)and total smoke release amount(TSR)of EP/DMPN 5 are reduced by 15.4%,23.6%,20.7%and 23.8%,respectively,compared to those of pure EP,which exhibites better fire safety.The improved fire safety is mainly attributed to the synergistic flame-retardant effects of magnesium metal compounds,nitrogen-phosphorus intumescent flame retardants,and clay mineral flame retardants in the EP matrix.This work provides a new research idea for the resource utilization of natural minerals.

关 键 词：环氧树脂 硅藻土 阻燃改性 协同阻燃 火灾安全 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]