酸化葡萄园施用牡蛎壳粉土壤调理剂后的效应  

Effects of Oyster Shell Soil Amendment on Fruit Quality and Soil Chemical Properties in Vineyards Acidic Soils

作　　者：范晓晖 刘文婷 谢星 林旭[1] 陈慕松 王烈萍 FAN Xiaohui;LIU Wenting;XIE Xing;LIN Xu;CHEN Musong;WANG Lieping(Ningde Agriculture Institute of Fujian,Fu an 355017,Fujian,China)

机构地区：[1]宁德市农业科学研究所,福建福安355017

出　　处：《亚热带资源与环境学报》2025年第1期175-182,共8页Journal of Subtropical Resources and Environment

基　　金：福建省科技厅项目(2019N0072);福建省葡萄种质资源圃提升与建设项目(ZYBHDWZX202216);宁德市产学研项目(2023C006)。

摘　　要：为研究牡蛎壳粉土壤调理剂对巨峰葡萄园土壤酸化改良及葡萄产量、品质的影响,在土壤酸化葡萄园开展牡蛎壳粉土壤调理剂不同施用量(0、750、1500、2250 kg·hm^(-2))田间试验,以确定其在福建设施葡萄园酸化土壤的合理用量。结果表明:施用牡蛎壳粉土壤调理剂可提高葡萄园土壤的酸碱缓冲能力和地力水平,实现增产提质。具体来看,沿海和山地葡萄土壤pH分别平均提高了0.41个单位和0.36个单位,土壤有机质含量在T3处理下分别平均增加24.03%和11.15%,土壤碱解氮含量在T2和T3处理下沿海葡萄园分别平均提高18.78%和21.29%,山地葡萄园T3处理显著增加12.06%。有效磷含量在沿海葡萄园T3处理显著增加20.61%,山地葡萄园T3处理显著增加15.79%;速效钾含量在沿海葡萄园T3处理显著增加8.89%,山地葡萄园T2和T3处理分别显著增加15.39%和25.38%。土壤调理剂施用量为1500 kg·hm^(-2)(T2处理)对葡萄产量及品质的提升效果最佳,沿海和山地葡萄园分别显著增产11.39%、17.26%,可溶性固形物、可滴定酸及Vc含量均得到改善。经对比分析,沿海葡萄园土壤酸化较山地葡萄园更为严重,施用牡蛎壳粉土壤调理剂后,沿海地区土壤pH和碱解氮含量的平均增幅高于山地地区,而有效磷和速效钾含量的平均增幅则是山地地区高于沿海地区。综上,福建葡萄园推荐牡蛎壳粉土壤调理剂施用量为1500 kg·hm^(-2)。To evaluate the impacts of oyster shell powder soil conditioner on mitigating soil acidification and enhancing the yield and quality of Kyoho grapes in vineyards,a field experiment was conducted by using varying application rates(0,750,1500,and 2250 kg·hm^(-2))in acidified vineyard soils in Fujian.The objective was to ascertain the optimal dosage for ameliorating acidic soils in protected vineyards.Results demonstrated that oyster shell powder enhanced soil acid-base buffering capacity,fertility,and subsequently,grape yield and quality.Notably,soil pH increased by 0.41 and 0.36 units in coastal and mountain vineyards,respectively.In T3 treatment,soil organic matter content rose by 24.03%and 11.15%in coastal and mountain vineyards,respectively.Coastal vineyards exhibited significant increases in soil alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen content of 18.78%and 21.29%in T2 and T3,while mountain vineyards showed a 12.06%increase in T3.The application of the T3 treatment significantly increased the available phosphorus content by 20.61%in coastal vineyards and by 15.79%in mountain vineyards.For readily soluble potassium content,the T3 treatment led to an 8.89%increase in coastal vineyards,whereas in mountain vineyards,both T2 and T3 treatments resulted in significant boosts,with increases of 15.39%and 25.38%,respectively.Notably,the 1500 kg·hm^(-2)(T2)application rate yielded the greatest improvement in grape yield(11.39%and 17.26%in coastal and mountain vineyards,respectively)and quality parameters,including soluble solids,titratable acidity,and vitamin C content.Comparative analysis highlighted the effectiveness of oyster shell powder in mitigating soil acidification,particularly in coastal vineyards.

关 键 词：牡蛎壳粉 调理剂 葡萄 土壤酸化 品质 产量 

分 类 号：S156.6[农业科学—土壤学]