从特朗普到拜登——“美国优先”理念的政治底色与调适  

From Trump to Biden—The Political Background and Adjustments of“American First”

作　　者：刘苏庆 Liu Suqing(College of Marxism,Chengdu University of Information Technology,Chengdu 610000)

机构地区：[1]成都信息工程大学马克思主义学院,成都610000

出　　处：《西部学刊》2025年第8期25-28,共4页Journal of Western

摘　　要：“美国优先”理念植根于杰克逊主义的外交传统,具有深厚的政治文化根基和历史渊源,对美国政治的影响具有长期性。特朗普政府将“美国优先”作为竞选口号和对外政策的核心理念,体现为将美国的利益凌驾其他国家的利益之上,以实力求和平,重回大国竞争的政策。囿于国内经济问题和孤立主义情绪,拜登政府的外交理念与实践延续了“美国优先”的诸多核心逻辑,强调增强美国实力和竞争力,外交为内政服务,将大国竞争作为国家安全战略重点。拜登政府对“美国优先”理念的调整主要体现为以价值观为纽带提升联盟内部的凝聚力,构建排斥性国际秩序以重振美国力量以及大国竞争策略的转变。在美国国内政治极化,选民孤立主义情绪上升,全球利益顾此失彼的情况下,“美国优先”理念将持续影响美国的对外政策。Rooted in the Jacksonian diplomatic tradition,the ideology of“America First”has deep political and historical origins,which exerts a long-term impact on American politics.The Trump administration’s adoption of“America First”as its campaign slogan and the core concept of its foreign policy demonstrates a political tendency to prioritize U.S.interests over those of other countries,pursue peace through strength,and re-engage in great-power competition.Constrained by domestic economic problems and isolationism the Biden administration’s diplomatic philosophy and practice have continued many of the core logics of“America First”by emphasizing the enhancement of U.S.strength and competitiveness,making diplomacy serve domestic policies,and regarding great-power competition as the priority of national security strategy.The adjustments made by the Biden administration to the“America First”ideology are mainly reflected in enhancing alliance cohesion through shared values,constructing an exclusive international order to revitalize U.S.strength,and shifting the great-power competition strategy.In the context of domestic political polarization,rising isolationist sentiment among voters,and the difficulty of balancing global interests in the U.S.,the“America First”ideology will continue to influence its foreign policy.

关 键 词：拜登政府 美国优先 中产阶级外交 排斥性国际秩序 

分 类 号：D83[政治法律—政治学] D87[政治法律—外交学]