基于强关系和超级关系的杰出科学家合作网络分析:以诺贝尔奖获得者为例  

Analysis of Collaborative Networks of Distinguished Scientists Based on Strong and Super Relationships:A Case Study of Nobel Prize Winners

作　　者：刘俊婉[1] 张睿 隋宏哲 LIU Junwan;ZHANG Rui;SUI Hongzhe(College of Economics and Management,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学经济与管理学院,北京100124

出　　处：《科技情报研究》2025年第2期35-47,共13页Scientific Information Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“基于多样性、关系链接和知识依赖的跨学科科研团队合作网络结构与演化研究”(编号:72174016);2023年国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目“杰出科学家合作网络强关系与弱关系研究——以诺贝尔获奖者为例”(编号:GJDC-2023-01-69)。

摘　　要：[目的/意义]科学合作已成为推动科技突破和原始创新的重要特征。探索杰出科学家科学合作的规律和模式,有助于为国家培育领军人才和建立高效能团队提供决策参考。[方法/过程]文章以1990—2010年145位诺贝尔自然科学奖获得者为研究对象,识别其科学合作中的强关系和超级关系并构建其合作网络。进一步运用社会网络分析和网络递归分解等方法,分析诺贝尔奖获得者强关系和超级关系的量化特征及其对科研绩效的影响,探究获奖前后强关系和超级关系合作网络是否存在结构性变化。[结果/结论]研究发现,99%的诺贝尔奖获得者存在强关系合作伙伴,82%的诺贝尔奖获得者存在超级关系合作伙伴,且超级关系的稳定性和持久性高于强关系的稳定性和持久性。强关系合作通常以3—4人的团队形式展开合作研究;超级关系合作成员间的信息传递效率更高,合作关系更紧密,多以两两合作形式为主。合作网络中强关系和超级关系数量的增加能够促进杰出科学家生产力的提高,但对其第一作者论文产出数量的提升作用不显著;过高的网络密度会抑制科研生产力。此外,研究发现,获奖后强关系合作网络中的成员产生了显著的结构性变化,但在超级关系合作网络中未发现这种现象。[Purpose/significance]Scientific cooperation has become an important feature to promote scientific and tech⁃nological breakthroughs and original innovation.Exploring the laws and patterns of scientific cooperation among dis⁃tinguished scientists can help provide decision-making references for the country to cultivate leading talents and es⁃tablish high-performance teams.[Method/process]In this paper,we take 145 Nobel Prize winners in natural sciences from 1990 to 2010 as research objects,identify the strong and super relationships in their scientific cooperation and construct their cooperation networks.It further applies social network analysis and network recursive decomposition to analyse the quantitative characteristics of strong and super-relationships of Nobel Laureates and their impact on sci⁃entific research performance,and to investigate whether there are structural changes in the strong and super-relation⁃ships networks before and after the award.[Result/conclusion]It is found that 99%of Nobel Laureates have strong rela⁃tionship partners and 82%have super relationship partners,and the stability and durability of super relationships are higher than those of strong relationships.Strong relationship cooperation is usually carried out in the form of a team of 3-4 people;super relationship cooperation has a higher information transfer efficiency between members,and the co⁃operation relationship is closer,mainly in the form of two-by-two cooperation.An increase in the number of strong and super-relationships in a collaborative network can promote the productivity of outstanding scientists,but has no significant effect on the quantity of their first-authored publications;excessively high network density can inhibit sci⁃entific productivity.In addition,it was found that the number of entries and exits of members in strong-relationship co-operative networks produced significant structural changes after the award,but this phenomenon was not found in super-relationship co-operative networks.

关 键 词：杰出科学家 诺贝尔奖获得者 科学合作网络 强关系 超级关系 

分 类 号：G311[文化科学]