国内大豆品种在新疆博州垦区的农艺性状表现及综合分析  

Agronomic Character Performance and Comprehensive Analysis of Domestic Soybean Varieties in Bozhou Reclamation Area of Xinjiang

作　　者：康琦 史丰疆[1] 于波[1] 曾晓菲 夏红斌[1] KANG Qi;SHI Fengjiang;YU Bo;ZENG Xiaofei;XIA Hongbin(Agricultural Science Research Institute of the Fifth Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Shuanghe 833408,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆生产建设兵团第五师农业科学研究所,新疆双河833408

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2025年第4期25-34,共10页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：第五师科技攻关项目(2024NY07)。

摘　　要：为解决新疆博州垦区春播与复播大豆的栽培难题,对引入的35个春播与16个复播大豆品种进行了多项农艺性状测定,并进行相关性、通径分析及聚类分析,通过调查复播不同播期对产量的影响,确定复播适宜时间,以便促进当地大豆种植推广及高产品种培育。结果表明,春播大豆与复播大豆单株经济性状均展现出显著的变异性,春播大豆的变异系数介于26.32%~139.32%之间,而复播大豆的变异系数则在7.87%~160.45%之间,其中,有效分枝数的变异程度最高,而百粒重和生育期的变异程度相对较低。在春播大豆中,产量与生育期、株高、单株粒数、单株粒重及百粒重均存在极显著正相关关系,尤其是单株粒数和百粒重,对产量的贡献最为突出。而在复播大豆中,只有产量与生育期之间呈现极显著的正相关关系,其中生育期对产量的贡献最为重要。通过聚类分析,以欧式距离5为标准,春播大豆品种被划分为四大类群。其中,第Ⅱ类群的新大豆25、新大豆26和合农71在博州垦区表现最佳。而在复播大豆中,以欧式距离15为标准,分为六大类群,其中第Ⅱ类群与第Ⅴ类群的黑科88、黑龙501、黑龙502在博州垦区的生产效果较好。同时,春播大豆时需注意,南方品种可能不适合在博州垦区种植;对于复播大豆,关键在于避免播期过晚对产量造成严重影响,因此应尽早播种,适宜播期范围从6月19日至7月9日,且每推迟1 d播种,都会有一定的产量损失,播种越晚产量损失越大。In order to address the cultivation challenges of spring-sown and double-cropped soybeans in the Bozhou Reclamation Area,35 spring-sown and 16 double-cropped soybean varieties were analyzed for multiple agronomic traits,including coefficient of variation,correlation,path analysis and cluster analysis.The suitable sowing time for double-cropping was determined by analyzing the yield of different sowing dates,providing valuable reference information for the promotion of soybean cultivation and the breeding of high-yielding varieties in the local area.The research results showed that,both spring-sown and double-cropped soybeans exhibited significant variability.The coefficient of variation of spring-sown soybeans ranged from 26.32%to 139.32%,while that of double-cropped soybeans ranged from 7.87%to 160.45%.Among them,the variation degree of effective branch number was the highest,while that of 100-seed weight and growth period was relatively low.In spring-sown soybeans,yield was significantly positively correlated with growth period,plant height,number of seeds per plant,seed weight per plant and 100-seed weight.Especially,the number of seeds per plant and 100-seed weight made the most significant contribution to yield.In double-cropped soybeans,only yield was significantly positively correlated with growth period,and growth period made the most significant contribution to yield.Through cluster analysis,spring-sown soybean varieties were classified into four major groups based on a Euclidean distance of 5.Among them,Xindaduo 25,Xindaduo 26 and Henong 71 in Group II showed the best production performance in the Bozhou Reclamation Area.For double-cropped soybeans,they were divided into six major groups based on a Euclidean distance of 15.Among them,Heike 88,Heilong 501 and Heilong 502 in Group II and Group V showed better production performance in the Bozhou Reclamation Area.For spring-sown soybeans,it should be noted that southern varieties may not be suitable for cultivation in the Bozhou Reclamation Area.For double

关 键 词：大豆 春播 复播 农艺性状 产量 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]