水稻芽种的催芽程度和晾置时间对水稻秧苗素质的影响  

Effects of Degrees of Pregermination and Rest Time of Bud Seed on Rice Seedling Quality

作　　者：王贺[1] 李静[1] 顾春梅[1] 萧长亮[1] 王丽萍[1] 那永光[1] 王安东[1] 周燕 WANG He;LI Jing;GU Chunmei;XIAO Changliang;WANG Liping;NA Yongguang;WANG Andong;ZHOU Yan(Rice Research Institute,Heilongjiang Academy of Land Reclamation Sciences,Jiamusi 154007,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农垦科学院水稻研究所,黑龙江佳木斯154007

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2025年第4期41-46,共6页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：北大荒农垦集团农业智能装备研发与应用研究专项(KJZX202207-01)。

摘　　要：为了研究水稻不同催芽程度芽种的适宜待播时间及对育秧秧苗素质的影响。测定室温条件下不同晾置时间对水稻三江6号“露白”(仅胚芽突破种皮)和“发芽”(胚芽胚根突破种皮)两种芽种含水量的影响,并调查晾晒后2种催芽程度芽种的出苗率及秧苗素质。结果表明,(1)未经晾晒“露白”“发芽”芽种的含水量分别占种子干重的44.8%和55.4%。晾置0~8 h后,两种芽种的含水量下降速度快,“露白”芽种含水量降至24.4%,“发芽”芽种含水量降至25.9%;(2)“露白”芽种在0~10 h(芽种含水量44.8%~23.3%)晾置时间内,秧苗根系、鞘叶的生长发育不受影响,出苗率≥85%。“发芽”芽种在0~10 h(芽种含水量55.4%~24.8%)晾置时间内,出苗率≥85%,但晾置时间≥1 h,幼苗种子根消失,根系多为新生短小须根;(3)在3.5叶期,未经晾晒的“露白”和“发芽”芽种(晾置0 h)处理的秧苗素质显著高于“发芽”芽种(晾置时间≥1 h)。综上,与“发芽”芽种相比,“露白”芽种具有更长的待播时间,更适合水稻工厂化育秧。In order to determine the effect of suitable waiting time of degrees of pregermination of bud seed on rice seedling quality.The effect of different drying times at room temperature on the moisture content of two types of rice seedlings,“exposed white”(only the embryo breaks through the seed coat)and“germinated”(the embryo root breaks through the seed coat)of Sanjiang 6 were measured.And the emergence rate and seedling quality of two different germination levels of seedlings after air drying were investigated.The result showed that,(1)The seeds moisture content of“exposed white”and“germinated”in rest time with 0 h were 44.8%and 55.4%,respectively.Seeds moisture content in“exposed white”and“germinated”decreased rapidly in rest time from 0 to 8 h,approximately 24.4%and 25.9%,respectively;(2)Roots and sheath and leaf of“exposed white”in rest time between 0 and 10 h(seeds moisture content from 44.8%to 23.3%)were not influenced,and the emergence rate was≥85%.Likewise,the emergence rate of“germinated”in rest time between 0 and 10 h(seeds moisture content from 55.4%to 24.8%)was≥85%.However,the seminal root was not observed in the seedlings roots system,which mainly consisted of new and short roots when rest time exceeded 1 h.(3)At 3.5 leaf age period,seedling quality in“exposed white”and“germinated”at rest time with 0 h was clearly superior than“germinated”at rest time over 1 h.In summary,“exposed white”of bud-seed had longer waiting time relative to“germinated”of bud-seed.

关 键 词：水稻 催芽程度 芽种 含水量 秧苗素质 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]