冰层钻具刮削刀头切削破碎冰层数值模拟研究  

Numerical simulation study on ice-cutting performances of scraping blade in ice drilling

作　　者：史怀忠[1,2] 孙金铭 赫文豪 王海柱[2] 熊超 陈晗 胡成涛 SHI Huaizhong;SUN Jinming;HE Wenhao;WANG Haizhu;XIONG Chao;CHEN Han;HU Chengtao(Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Optical Detection Technology,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,China;State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,China;Basic Research Center for Energy Interdisciplinary,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京)油气光学探测技术北京市重点实验室,北京102249 [2]中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与探测国家重点实验室,北京102249 [3]中国石油大学(北京)理学院能源交叉学科基础研究中心,北京102249

出　　处：《极地研究》2025年第1期83-91,共9页Chinese Journal of Polar Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFA0719101);中国石油大学(北京)科研基金(2462022YXZZ007)资助。

摘　　要：冰的力学性质是极地钻探极其重要的参数,主要包括压缩强度、抗拉强度、断裂韧度等。本文利用有限元数值模拟方法分析了刮削刀头切削破碎冰层特性,根据平均切削力和切削力变异系数来探究刮削刀头受力特征,并开展了切削工艺参数对刮削刀头切削破碎冰层效率的影响规律研究。数值模拟结果表明,(1)刮削刀头切削破冰过程中,在刀头前端有明显的应力集中现象,且在整个切削过程中,伴随着离散状冰屑的产生与四溅;(2)随着刮削刀头后倾角的增加,冰体塑性损伤程度增加、冰屑尺寸先减小后增大,随着切深的增加,塑性损伤程度增加,冰屑尺寸变化、飞溅范围也相应增大;(3)切削深度和后倾角的增加均会增大冰体的平均切削力,但后倾角在0°~15°、切深在1.0~3.0 mm这一范围内变化时波动小;(4)切削深度对切削力变异系数的影响显著于后倾角,小切深对应小切削力变异系数,但增大切深不代表变异系数一定升高。本研究成果可为极地钻探破冰中刮削刀头的设计提供理论依据。In polar drilling,the mechanical properties of ice such as the compressive strength,tensile strength,and fracture toughness are very important parameters.Therefore,this study used a finite element numerical simulation method to analyze the characteristics of a scraping blade cutting a broken ice layer.Based on the average cutting force and the cutting force variation coefficient,the force characteristics of the cutting blade were explored and the influence of cutting process parameters on the efficiency of the scraping blade cutting a broken ice layer was investigated.Numerical simulation results revealed a notable concentration of stress at the front end of the scraping blade during the ice breaking process,and discrete ice chips and four splashes were generated throughout the entire cutting process.With increase in the caster angle of the scraping cutter head,the degree of plastic damage of the ice body increased,and the size of the ice chips generated initially decreased and then increased.With increase in the cutting depth,the degree of plastic damage increased,and the number,size variation,and splashing range of ice debris also increased correspondingly.Increase in the cutting depth and cutting angle increased the average cutting force of the broken ice body,but the degree of fluctuation was small when the caster angle was 0°~15°and the cutting depth was 1.0~3.0 mm.The influence of cutting depth on the coefficient of variation of the cutting force was found to be much greater than that of the caster angle.The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for the design of a scraping blade for use in polar ice drilling.

关 键 词：刮削刀头 冰层钻进 数值模拟 变异系数 冰屑 极地钻探 

分 类 号：P634[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]