智利提交南极200海里外大陆架划界案法律问题评析  

Legal issues relating to the submission of Chile regarding the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles

作　　者：尹洁 方银霞 YIN Jie;FANG Yinxia(Stake Key Laboratory of Submarine Geoscience,Second Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources,Hangzhou 310012,China)

机构地区：[1]海底科学与划界全国重点实验室,自然资源部第二海洋研究所,浙江杭州310012

出　　处：《极地研究》2025年第1期92-104,共13页Chinese Journal of Polar Research

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目(20BGJ044)资助。

摘　　要：智利于2022年向大陆架界限委员会提交了南极划界案以实现其双重目标。一方面基于其2021年发布的国家南极政策,重申对南极领地的主权主张,另一方面突出与阿根廷存在的划界争端。《南极条约》虽冻结了南极领土主张,但并未解决南极领土主权问题。《联合国海洋法公约》大陆架制度给南极领土声索国提供了重申领土主张的途径,但关于大陆架资源的规定也与南极条约体系产生冲突。此外,智利以提交划界案的形式展示其与阿根廷依据《联合国海洋法公约》第76条第8款划定的外部界限存在主张重叠。本文就智利提交划界案探讨了所涉及的相关法律问题,包括南极大陆架的法律地位、《联合国海洋法公约》第76条第10款不妨害国家间划界原则的适用和解释,以及大陆架界限委员会对涉南极划界案的立场及其合法性保障。Chile’s submission in 2022 regarding Antarctica in 2022 had two goals.First,based on its National Antarctic Policy issued in 2021,it reinforced its claim over Antarctic territory;second,it demonstrated the delimitation dispute with Argentina.Although the Antarctic Treaty freezes Antarctic territorial claims,it does not resolve the issue of Antarctic territorial sovereignty.The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea provides a pathway for claimant states to declare their territorial claims,although the provisions regarding continental shelf resources conflict with the Antarctic Treaty system.Additionally,Chile’s submission incorporates an overlapping claim with Argentina’s outer limits drawn under Article 76,paragraph 8,of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.This paper explores the relevant legal issues involved in Chile’s submission,including the legal status of the Antarctic continental shelf,the application and interpretation of the without prejudice principle of delimitation in Article 76,paragraph 10 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea,and the legitimacy of the Commission’s position on submissions regarding Antarctica,and affirms the legality and necessity of the special procedure set up in Annex I to the Commission’s Rules of Procedure in avoiding or overcoming disputes between coastal states.

关 键 词：智利 南极 外大陆架 大陆架界限委员会 争端 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学]